第一章 新經(jīng)濟(jì)新動能的理論認(rèn)識
Chapter One Theory of New Economy and New Growth Driver

傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長主要靠資本積累和擴(kuò)大再生產(chǎn)，無論是內(nèi)涵擴(kuò)大再生產(chǎn)還是外延擴(kuò)大再生產(chǎn)，都離不開資本勞動的投入和技術(shù)革新。在傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長過程中，資本和勞動的作用呈明顯的下降趨勢，技術(shù)進(jìn)步的作用則明顯上升。但總的來講，傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長動力主要來源于資源、勞動和企業(yè)的規(guī)模效益，其增長速度屬于算術(shù)級增長。新經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的主要動力是創(chuàng)新。在這種知識型的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長模式中，知識是經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的最主要的要素；知識化產(chǎn)業(yè)、高科技產(chǎn)業(yè)和智業(yè)是新經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的主要生長點(diǎn)和支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)，其增長速度呈幾何級增長。新經(jīng)濟(jì)沒有完全否定傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)，如同工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)沒有完全否定農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)一樣，傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)依然是整個社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要基礎(chǔ)。傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的比重雖然在下降，但并不會消失，它仍然有存在的必要和空間。傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)為新經(jīng)濟(jì)提供必要的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。新經(jīng)濟(jì)只不過是用新的方式和新的產(chǎn)品代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)以滿足人類的需要，或者填補(bǔ)人類需要的空白。一旦用新經(jīng)濟(jì)方式生產(chǎn)或經(jīng)營傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的產(chǎn)品，那么傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)也就改造成了新經(jīng)濟(jì)①。

The growth of traditional economy mainly depends on capital accumulation and expanded reproduction. No matter it is expanded from connotation or extension, it is inseparable from capital labor input and technological innovation. In the traditional economic growth, the role of capital and labor shows an obvious downward trend, while the role of technological progress increases significantly. However, generally speaking, the growth power of traditional economy mainly comes from resources, labor and scale efficiency of enterprises. Innovation is the main driving force of new economic growth. In this mode of knowledge-based economic growth, knowledge is the most important factor of economic growth. Knowledge-based industry, high-tech industry and intellectual industry are the main growth points and pillar industries of new economic growth with higher growth rate than the traditional economy. To develop the new economy is not to negate the traditional economy completely, nor is the industrial economy to the agricultural economy. The traditional economy is still the important foundation for the whole social economy. Although the proportion of traditional economy is declining, it will not disappear. It still has the necessity and space to exist. The traditional economy provides the necessary material basis for the new economy. The new economy is just to replace the traditional economy with new ways and new products to meet the needs of human beings, or to fill the gap of human needs. Once the traditional economy's produces are produced or managed by the new economic mode, the traditional economy will be transformed into the new economy.

隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的快速興起，人類已全面進(jìn)入信息社會，新的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論必然反映信息時代的諸多特征，解決經(jīng)濟(jì)社會活動面臨的新問題。如何讓“新經(jīng)濟(jì)”理論更好地指導(dǎo)服務(wù)于社會經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)踐，需要對新經(jīng)濟(jì)的內(nèi)涵、特征及發(fā)展規(guī)律等有更為深刻的認(rèn)識。

With the rapid rise of the Internet, human beings have entered the information society in an all-round way. New economic theories are bound to reflect many characteristics of the information age and solve new problems in the economic and social activities. How to make the theory of“new economy”better serve the social and economic practice? A deeper understanding of the connotation, characteristics and development law of the new economy is needed.

在我國經(jīng)濟(jì)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的過程中，“新經(jīng)濟(jì)”無疑是推動經(jīng)濟(jì)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展不可或缺的重要力量。促進(jìn)“新經(jīng)濟(jì)”發(fā)展是建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化產(chǎn)業(yè)體系、建設(shè)社會主義現(xiàn)代化國家的必然要求，同時也是應(yīng)對新時代背景下我國所面臨的不平衡不充分的社會主要矛盾的有效路徑①。黨的十九大報告提出“加快建設(shè)創(chuàng)新型國家”，明確“創(chuàng)新是建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的戰(zhàn)略支撐”。近年來，我國經(jīng)濟(jì)由高速增長階段轉(zhuǎn)向高質(zhì)量發(fā)展階段，新一輪信息技術(shù)革命的不斷深化、新產(chǎn)業(yè)雨后春筍般出現(xiàn)、新商業(yè)模式源源不斷涌現(xiàn)、新產(chǎn)品摩肩接踵面世，對“新經(jīng)濟(jì)”的理論研究隨之升溫。新動能即新動力作用于經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行而產(chǎn)生的前進(jìn)能量，是指以互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、大數(shù)據(jù)、云計(jì)算等新一代信息技術(shù)應(yīng)用為基礎(chǔ)，一系列相關(guān)技術(shù)突破為支撐，大量新產(chǎn)業(yè)、新業(yè)態(tài)、新模式快速涌現(xiàn)并匯聚而成的產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展新勢能①。從這個角度講，發(fā)展“新經(jīng)濟(jì)”是培育“新動能”的重要措施，而“新經(jīng)濟(jì)”的核心又是“新技術(shù)”。歸根結(jié)底，新技術(shù)的創(chuàng)新是發(fā)展新經(jīng)濟(jì)、培育新動能的根源所在。

In China's high-quality economic development, “new economy”is undoubtedly an indispensable force to promote high-quality economic development. To promote the development of“new economy”is the inevitable requirement of building a modern industrial system and socialist country, and is also the effective way to deal with the unbalanced and inadequate social contradictions faced by our country in the new era. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forwards“accelerating the construction of an innovative country”, and made it clear that“innovation is the strategic support for the construction of a modern economic system”. In recent years, China's economy has changed from the development stage of high-speed to high-quality. With the deepening of a new round of information technology revolution, the emergence of new industries, new business models and new products, the theoretical research on the“new economy”is heating up. New growth driver refers to the forward energy from the new power of economic operation by using new-generation information technology such as Internet, Internet of things, big data, cloud computing, and the support of a series of related technological breakthroughs. A large number of new industries, new form of business, and new models are emerging and converging rapidly. From this point of view, the development of“new economy”is an important measure to cultivate“new growth drivers”. The core of“new economy”the“new technology”. In conclusion, the innovation of new technology is the root of developing new economy and cultivating new growth drivers.