List 7

繼續(xù)

代表單詞：continue

英文注釋： go on with a particular action or in a particular condition (AHD)

拓展單詞：persist

預測單詞：keep on, go on, maintain, carry on, pursue

老師說詞

pursue除了“追趕”意思之外，還有“繼續(xù)”的意思。

例如：

If your request is denied, don't be afraid to pursue the matter.

如果你請求遭到拒絕，不要害怕，要繼續(xù)追問下去。

經典例句

The disorienting effects of this mismatch between external time cues and internal schedules may persist, like our jet lag, for several days or weeks until certain cues such as the daylight/darkness cycle reset the organism's clock to synchronize with the daily rhythm of the new environment. (TPO 13)

外部時間線和內部時間表之間的不匹配所引起的混亂反應（就像我們的時差感）可能會持續(xù)數天或數周，直到某些信號（如晝夜循環(huán)）重置生物鐘來和新環(huán)境的日常節(jié)奏同步。

During the last ice age, human hunters pursued large mammals across Beringia, a land whose climatic characteristics have been in dispute. (TPO 45)

在上一個冰川期，獵人們穿越白令海峽捕獲大型哺乳動物，關于這一地區(qū)的氣候特征一直存在爭議。

連續(xù)的，持續(xù)不斷的 ☆☆☆

代表單詞：continuous

英文注釋： uninterrupted in time, sequence, substance, or extent (AHD)

拓展單詞：steadily (2014, 2015), continual (2014, 2015, 2017), relentless (2015, 2018), without pause (2018), unceasing (2015, 2016), constant (2015, 2015, 2017), consecutive, uninterrupt ed, sustained

其他考試形式： “穩(wěn)定地”steadily=at any unvarying rate

老師說詞

“連續(xù)的”是指在時間或者空間上動作不會被打斷的狀態(tài)，比如連續(xù)下了兩天兩夜的雨。而“繼續(xù)的”是指在中間狀態(tài)可能會停止，比如下了一天一夜的雨，然后停了，而第二天白天又繼續(xù)下起來了。

steady這個詞非常重要，已經連續(xù)考了三年。但是如果你查閱《美國傳統(tǒng)英語詞典》和《韋氏詞典》都沒有其直接的定義，只有在《柯林斯詞典》上，注釋到“A steady situation continues or develops gradually without any interruptions and is not likely to change quickly.”非常明確地指出它有“連續(xù)，持續(xù)”的意思。

relentless一詞多義，有“無情的，殘酷的”和“持續(xù)不斷的”意思。

經典例句

China has one of the world's oldest continuous civilizations. (TPO 10)

中華文明延綿不斷，是世界文明古國之一。

The result was relentless pressure to improve technique and design. (TPO 30)

結果是為改進技術和設計，不斷施加壓力。

Wind power is most economical in areas with steady winds. (OG）

風力發(fā)電在風能穩(wěn)定的地區(qū)是最經濟的發(fā)電方式。

This technological advance took many forms：one was the continual introduction from the south of earlier-ripening varieties of rice, which made possible double-cropping (the production of two harvests per year from one field). (TPO 48)

技術進步有許多形式：一個是不斷從南方引進早熟的水稻品種，這種水稻可以一年兩熟（每年收獲兩季）。

維持，保持 ☆☆☆

代表單詞：sustain

英文注釋： keep in existence (AHD)

拓展單詞：retain (2015, 2016), maintain (2014, 2017), support (2014, 2015), keep (2015, 2016, 2017), continue (2015)

其他考試形式： “穩(wěn)定地”steadily=at any unvarying rate

老師說詞

sustain一般詞匯書中常譯為“維持”或者“保持”。但你翻開英文詞典（比如《柯林斯詞典》）上面明確指出是“保持，維持，使持續(xù)”的意思，即If you sustain something，you continue it or maintain it for a period of time. 2015年就考到了continue=sustain這一組同義詞。

經典例句

It is now widely believed that at least some species of dinosaurs had a metabolic rate high enough for them to be endotherms (animals that maintain a relatively consistent body temperature by generating heat internally）. (TPO 33)

現(xiàn)在人們普遍相信至少有些恐龍具有足夠高的新陳代謝速度，是恒溫動物（動物通過在身體內部產生熱量來維持相對不變的體溫）。

At the same time, they have retained some traditional cultural practices that are associated with particular art forms. (TPO 41)

同時，他們還保留了一些與特定藝術形式相關的傳統(tǒng)文化習俗。

Although church ritual had sustained an interest in timekeeping throughout the centuries of urban collapse that followed the fall of Rome, church time was nature's time. (TPO 30)

幾個世紀以來，隨著羅馬逐漸沒落，城市分崩離析，但人們去教堂做禮拜這一習慣并沒有隨著時間的流逝而改變，這種習慣已根深蒂固。

保存 ☆☆

代表單詞：preserve

英文注釋：maintain in safety from injury, peril, or harm (AHD)

拓展單詞：retain (2015), keep (2016), maintain (2014, 2017)

預測單詞：conserve

其他考試形式：“保存得很好”beautifully preserved=have suffered little damage over (2014)

老師說詞

在最近考試中，常常出現(xiàn)的考詞。

以下三個詞詞形比較相近，preserve和conserve都是“保持”的意思，而reserve是“保留”的意思。例如：l reserve the right to disagree.我保留持不同意見的權利。

經典例句

Stomach contents are only rarely preserved, but when present, allow us to determine exactly what these animals were eating. (TPO 48)

胃里的食物很少能保存，但如果有，就能讓我們確定恐龍到底吃了什么。

The metabolism of so many termites and of the fungus that they grow in their gardens as food helps keep the interior of the nest warm and supplies some moisture to the air in the nest. (TPO 47)

這么多的白蟻和生長在花園中的食物真菌的新陳代謝有助于維持巢內的溫度和巢內空氣濕度。

These conditions favored the evolution of the structures that support the body, vessels that transport water and nutrients to all parts of plant, and structures that conserve water. (TPO 25)

這些條件有助于進化出那些用于支撐枝干的結構、運輸水分和養(yǎng)分到植物各部分的導管以及儲存水分的結構。

停止 ☆☆

代表單詞：cease

英文注釋： put an end to

拓展單詞：stop (2015, 2017), end

預測單詞：discontinue, come to an end

經典例句

It also explains why some of the forts continued in occupation long after Rome ceased to have any formal authority in Britain, at the beginning of the fifth century A. D. (TPO 19)

這也解釋了為什么五世紀初時這些軍事基地在羅馬已經不再統(tǒng)治英國之后依然存在。

Older workers had been allowed to stop work a half hour before the regular time, and in 1601 younger works left with them. (TPO 25)

老員工被允許在正常工時結束前半個小時就下班，而到了1601年，年輕的員工也如此效仿。

中斷；擾亂 ☆☆

代表單詞：disrupt

英文注釋：interrupt or impede the progress, movement, or procedure of (AHD)

拓展單詞：upset, disturb (2016,) interfere with (2018)

預測單詞：interrupt, break up

其他考試形式1：

名詞“中斷；擾亂”disruption=disturbance (2016)

其他考試形式2：

形容詞“破壞的”disrupted=destroyed (2016)

老師說詞

disrupt的考試形式比較多樣，其動詞，名詞以及形容詞形式都考過。

經典例句

If an impact is large enough, it can disturb the environment of the entire Earth and cause an ecological catastrophe. (OG）

如果這個影響足夠大，它就會擾亂整個地球的環(huán)境，造成生態(tài)災難。

Second, diverse ecosystems may be less likely to be invaded by new species, notably exotics (foreign species living outside their native range), that would disrupt the ecosystem's structure and function. (TPO 46)

第二，多樣的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)不太可能遭到新物種的入侵，特別是會破壞生態(tài)系統(tǒng)結構和功能的外來物種（生活在本土范圍以外的物種）。

It is already hampering the oyster harvest and the dungeness crab fishery, and it interferes with the recreational use of beaches and waterfronts. (TPO 22)

米草屬植物的生長已經妨礙了牡蠣的打撈以及珍寶蟹的養(yǎng)殖，還干擾了人們在海灘嬉戲游玩。

停滯 ☆

代表單詞：stagnation

英文注釋：If something such as a business or society is stagnant, there is little activity or change.

拓展單詞：lack of growth (2015)

預測單詞：inactive, sluggish

老師說詞

“停止”和“停滯”是有區(qū)別的，“停滯”指事物因受某種阻礙而處于原來狀況下不能繼續(xù)發(fā)展前進。“停止”指不再進行；不再實行。

以跑步為例，停滯時，跑步停下來但可以原地踏步，停止就是不跑了。

經典例句

The iron industry's appetite for wood was enormous, and by 1740 the British iron industry was stagnating. (TPO 34)

煉鐵業(yè)對木材的需求是巨大的，到1740年之前，英國的煉鐵業(yè)處于停滯狀態(tài)。

廢除

代表單詞：abolish

英文注釋： do away with (AHD)

拓展單詞：end

預測單詞：annul, get rid of, do away with

老師說詞

注意annul和annual容易混淆，前者指“廢除”，后者指“每年的”。

經典例句

In 1857, in return for a payment of 63 million kronor from other commercial nations, Denmark abolished the Sound toll dues the fees it had collected since 1497 for the use of the Sound. (TPO 18)

在1857年，一些商業(yè)國家向丹麥支付了6300萬克朗，作為交換，丹麥廢止了自1497年以來所執(zhí)行的在松德海峽征收通行費。

Photography did indeed make certain kinds of painting obsolete—the daguerreotype virtually did away with the portrait miniature. (TPO 22)

攝影術的確使某些繪畫種類變得過時了，銀板照相法幾乎把迷你肖像畫逼到了絕路。

移除 ☆☆☆

代表單詞：remove

英文注釋： get rid of (MWD)

拓展單詞：eliminate (2014, 2017), eradicate (2016)

預測單詞：exterminate, terminate, banish

經典例句

When the ants are removed, the trees usually die, probably because herbivores damage them so much that they are unable to compete with surrounding vegetation for light and growing space. (TPO 17)

當螞蟻被清除后，這些樹通常就會死亡，可能是因為食草動物對它們的破壞太大，以致它們無法與周圍的植被競爭光照和生長空間。

Therefore, from the stand point of diversity, it is usually a mistake to eliminate a major predator from a community. (TPO 27)

因此，從多樣性的角度來看，從一個群落中淘汰一個主要的掠食者通常是錯誤的。

This disruption of food chain and climate would have eradicated the dinosaurs and other organisms in less than fifty years. (TPO 8)

這種對食物鏈和氣候的破壞將在不到五十年的時間里徹底消滅恐龍和其他生物。

同時發(fā)生的 ☆☆☆

代表單詞：simultaneous

英文注釋：happening, existing, or done at the same time (AHD)

拓展單詞：at the same time (2014, 2017)

其他考試形式1：

“同時發(fā)生”coincide with=happened at the same time (2014), coincide=occur together (2014), coincide with=meet (2014)

其他考試形式2： “立刻”in the same breath=immediately

老師說詞

simultaneous在2014至2015年至少出現(xiàn)過五次，2017年也考了多次。

meet這個詞在2014年考了其“同時發(fā)生的”這個意項。例如：The hopes and fears of all the years are met in thee tonight.這些年來所有的希望與恐懼，今晚同時發(fā)生在你身上。

經典例句

Petrifaction may also involve a simultaneous exchange of the original substance of a dead plant or animal with mineral matter of a different composition. (TPO 20)

石化還可能同時涉及死亡的動植物的原有物質與成分不同的礦物質之間的交換作用。

Others have blamed extinction on competition from the mammals, which allegedly ate all the dinosaur eggs—except that mammals and dinosaurs appeared at the same time in the Late Triassic, about 190 million years ago, and there is no reason to believe that mammals suddenly acquired a taste for dinosaur eggs after 120 million years of coexistence. (TPO 42)

也有科學家將恐龍的滅絕歸咎于其他哺乳動物的競爭，據說是它們吃掉了所有的恐龍蛋——但是，哺乳動物和恐龍都生活在約一億九千萬年前的晚三疊世，沒理由說哺乳動物在和恐龍共同生活了一億兩千萬年之后，忽然愛吃恐龍蛋了。

巧合 ☆

代表單詞：coincidence

英文注釋：A sequence of events that although accidental seems to have been planned or arranged. (AHD)

拓展單詞：at the same time and by chance (2014)

預測單詞：happenstance

老師說詞

“巧合”指的是發(fā)生得如此偶然，好像是提前安排好的一樣。比如一個班里有兩個人的生日相同，這就是巧合。由于其還有“偶然性”的含義，所以在2014年的一道考題中，正確選項是at the same time and by chance，即不但“同時”而且還很“偶然”。

和……一致 ☆☆

代表單詞：coincide (with)

英文注釋： agree exactly, as in opinion (AHD)

拓展單詞：correspond to (2016), cohere with (2015)

預測單詞：agree on

其他考試形式1： 名詞“同意”consensus=agreement

其他考試形式2： 形容詞“一致性的”consistent=uniform (2014)

經典例句

This forehead rubbing behavior coincides with a high level of glandular activity in the modified scent glands found on the foreheads of male deer. (TPO 28)

這種前額摩擦行為與雄鹿前額上的改良氣味腺的高度腺體活動一致。

Consistent with this idea, according to the investigators, is the fact that the art of the cultural period that followed the Upper Paleolithic also seems to reflect how people got their food. (TPO 4)

研究人員認為，與這一觀點相一致的是，舊石器時代晚期之后的文化藝術似乎也反映了人們是如何獲得食物的。

The effect of thigmothermy is especially evident in the Andean toad during rainfall：its body temperature corresponds to the temperature of the warm earth and not to the much cooler air temperature. (TPO 40)

對在安第斯蟾蜍來說，熱傳導效應在降雨天效果尤其明顯：體溫隨著溫度較高的地表上升而不受冷空氣的低溫影響。

In the multiplicity of small-scale local egalitarian or quasi-egalitarian organizations for fellowship, worship, and production that flourished in this laissez-faire environment, individuals could interact with one another within a community of harmony and ideological equality, following their own popularly elected leaders and governing themselves by shared consensus while minimizing distinctions of wealth and power. (TPO 16)

在那些以團隊協(xié)作、尊重信仰和擴大生產為目的而在當地建立的主張平等或者類似于平等主義的各種小規(guī)模組織中，人們能夠在一個和諧且思想平等的團體中與他人互動，能夠選舉出他們喜歡的領袖并追隨其后，還可以在縮小財富和權力差距的同時，在管理方面達成共識。

阻止 ☆☆

代表單詞：prevent

英文注釋： keep from happening (AHD)

拓展單詞：inhibit (2014), prohibit (2015)

預測單詞：preclude, forbid, foreclose, forestall

老師說詞

注意區(qū)分inhibit意為“阻止”而inhabit意為“居住”。

經典例句

In Europe it took a little longer, mainly because there were more small producers for whom the costs of sound were prohibitive, and in other parts of the world problems with rights or access to equipment delayed the shift to sound production for a few more years. (TPO 12)

歐洲要稍晚一些，主要因為歐洲有更多的小型制片人，他們無法負擔過于高昂的音效成本，而且在世界其他地方，版權問題以及獲取設備的問題使得制作有聲電影這一轉變延誤了很多年。

Some oil lies under regions where drilling is forbidden, such as national parks or other public lands. (TPO 4)

有些石油開采點位于禁止鉆探的地區(qū)，如國家公園或其他公共土地。

排除 ☆☆

代表短語：rule out

英文注釋： prevent from entering (AHD)

拓展單詞：exclude (2016, 2017), kept out (2017)

預測單詞：ban, eliminate

經典例句

When food was added to those plots (no food effect) and predators were excluded (no predator effect) from an experimental area, hare numbers increased tenfold and stayed there—the cycle was lost. (TPO 27)

當食物被添加到這些區(qū)域（沒有食物效應），而食肉動物被排除在實驗區(qū)域之外（沒有捕食者效應）時，野兔的數量增加了十倍，并且維持這個數量不變——這個食物鏈就斷了。

Therefore, from the stand point of diversity, it is usually a mistake to eliminate a major predator from a community. (TPO 27)

因此，從多樣性的角度說，從一個種群中消除一個主要捕食者通常是錯誤的決定。

規(guī)則 ☆

代表單詞：norm

英文注釋：a standard, model, or pattern regarded astypical (AHD)

拓展單詞：rule (2014)

預測單詞：standard, criterion, pattern, model, measure

經典例句

Primary groups, then, serve both as carriers of social norms and as enforcers of them. (TPO 13)

于是，主要群體既是社會規(guī)范的傳播者，又是它們的強制執(zhí)行者。

According to computerized climate models, global temperatures fell to near the freezing point, photosynthesis halted, and most plants on land and in the sea died. (TPO 42)

根據計算機模擬的氣候模式，全球氣溫下降到接近冰點、光合作用停止，陸地和海洋中的大部分植物都會死掉。