2013年的“中國經濟前沿”叢書引言提到,當前中國的經濟政策和經濟結構產生了非常廣泛而深刻的變化,這種變化代表中國經濟增長的一種新模式(Garnaut et al.,2013a)。這種新模式既涉及傳統經濟層面,又與更為細致的制度層面相關。我們(Garnaut et al.,2013b)和Huang等(2013)對前者進行了研究,而Perkins則探究了經濟制度層面的變化(Perkins,2013)。
關于深化國際一體化的聲明數量相當可觀,主要鼓勵兩種方式的外商直接投資(FDI)活動,即通過“負面清單”對外商直接投資的準入領域進行限制和承諾外資企業也可以享受國民待遇。中國通過使人民幣在資本賬戶中可自由兌換貨幣、清除人民幣被用作國際通用貨幣的過程中中出現的障礙,參與國際金融自由化。促進邊界地區的商業貿易往來,制定多邊貿易協定以及雙邊投資協定,都可以減少國際貿易壁壘。通過“一帶一路”項目、亞洲基礎設施投資銀行(AIIB)、絲綢之路基金以及新的發展銀行,中國首倡推進與貿易和發展相關的基礎設施建設的投資,這將成為推動中國經濟與全球經濟實現深度融合的重要工具(Callaghan and Hubbard,2016)。中國將積極參與全球經濟治理和制定國際匯兌規則。
資料來源:World Bank(various years),World Development Indicators.Available from:data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators;National Bureau of Statistics of China(NBS)(various years),China statistical yearbook,Bejing:China Statistics Press.Available from:www.stats.gov.cn/english/Statisticaldata/AnnualDate。
資料來源:World Bank(various years),World Development Indicators.Available from:data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators;State Administration of Foreign Exchange(2015),Annual Report of State Administration of Foreign Exchange.Available from:www.safe.gov.cn/wps/portal/english/Home;National Bureau of Statistics of China(NBS)(various years),China statistical yearbook,Bejing:China Statistics Press.Available from:www.stats.gov.cn/english/Statisticaldata/AnnualDate。
資料來源:National Bureau of Statistics of China(NBS)(various years),China statistical yearbook,Bejing:China Statistics Press.Available from:www.stats.gov.cn/english/Statisticaldata/AnnualDate。
圖4 1978~2015年三次產業的GDP占比
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