第二章 新經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的國內(nèi)外實踐
Chapter Two Practice of New Economy Development at Home and Abroad

歷次工業(yè)革命的演進(jìn)都是以轉(zhuǎn)換經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的動能為基礎(chǔ)，推動了一系列新技術(shù)和新工藝的廣泛應(yīng)用，催生了大量新興產(chǎn)業(yè)的出現(xiàn)和經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)的變革。從全球來看，各國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展普遍面臨傳統(tǒng)能源日益枯竭以及環(huán)境惡化等問題，特別是自2008年國際金融危機(jī)爆發(fā)以來，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展動力不足的問題日益凸顯，各國都開始了對經(jīng)濟(jì)增長動力轉(zhuǎn)換的探索。中國自改革開放以來，進(jìn)入了加速工業(yè)化階段，目前總體上處于工業(yè)化和城市化的中期，在新一輪工業(yè)革命的浪潮中，中國在推動經(jīng)濟(jì)創(chuàng)新發(fā)展、綠色發(fā)展的同時，正在積極尋求經(jīng)濟(jì)增長動力的轉(zhuǎn)換。一系列的新變化表明，提升經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展質(zhì)量需要進(jìn)一步挖掘技術(shù)進(jìn)步的紅利，不斷探尋新舊動能轉(zhuǎn)換的實現(xiàn)路徑，進(jìn)而實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)的高質(zhì)量發(fā)展①。

The evolution of all previous industrial revolutions is based on the transformation of the driver of economic development, which promotes the wide application of a series of new technologies and crafts and gives birth to a large number of new industries and the change of economic structure. Globally, the economic development in all countries is generally faced with the problems of traditional energy depletion and environmental deterioration. Especially since the outbreak of the international financial crisis in 2008, the problem of insufficient economic development driver has become increasingly prominent, and all countries have begun to exploit the transformation of economic growth driver. Since the reform and opening up, China has entered the stage of accelerating industrialization. At present, it is generally in the middle stage of industrialization and urbanization. In the wave of a new round of industrial revolution, while promoting economic innovation and green development, China is actively seeking the transformation of economic growth power. A series of new changes show that to improve the quality of economic development, China need to further exploit the profit of technological progress, and constantly explore the realization path of the transformation of new and old drivers, to achieve high-quality economic development.