再論韻律邊界的聲學特征及其形成機制

殷治綱

摘要 韻律邊界處的聲學特征曾是語音研究中被廣泛探討的課題，但至今仍有很多遺留問題沒有解決。針對這些問題，本研究引入呼吸信號、特征疊加理論、“間斷—連接”平衡效應等新的視角和方法，對該主題做了重新探討，內容包括：（1）在韻律層級模型基礎上，重新梳理、分析了不同韻律層級邊界處的聲學特征，并對前人研究中存在的分歧進行了討論；（2）結合呼吸生理特征，分析了延長、停頓和音高重置等聲學特征的形成機制；（3）提出了語流中的“連接效應”和“間斷效應”，并從二者的組合關系上分析韻律邊界的層級特性；（4）用不同聲學特征，為各韻律層級邊界建立起特征矩陣。

關鍵詞 韻律邊界，聲學特征，韻律層級模型，間斷效應，連接效應，延長，停頓，音高重置，呼吸，特征矩陣

Revisiting the Acoustic Characteristics and the Generation Mechanism of Prosodic Boundary

YIN Zhigang

Abstract Despite the fact that the acoustic characteristics of prosodic boundaries have been extensively studied，there are still remaining issues that have not been completely resolved. Given these issues，this current study aims to introduce new perspectives and methods to the study of prosodic boundary，such as breathing，feature superposition theory，and “discontinuity-continuity” balance effect. In the current paper，we（1）re-analyzed the acoustic characteristics under the prosodic hierarchical model framework and discussed the divergence in previous studies；（2）discussed the generation mechanism of phenomena such as final lengthening，pausing and pitch resetting with consideration of breathing；（3）proposed the “continuity effect” and “discontinuity effect” in connected speech，and analyzed the hierarchical characteristics of the prosodic boundaries by taking these two effects into consideration；（4）established the feature matrix of “discontinuity-continuity” levels for prosodic boundaries according to different acoustic characteristics.

Key words Prosodic boundary，Acoustic feature，Prosodic hierarchical model，Discontinuity effect，Connection effect，Final lengthening，Pausing，Pitch resetting，Feature matrix