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五 結語

對于“雙循環”已經有相當多的文獻進行了闡釋,本章試圖從全球產業網絡的視角為這一重大戰略部署背后的機理和實施的路徑做一些探討。可以看到,作為國際經濟分工與合作的承載者,全球產業網絡在中國經濟轉型與增長中扮演了重要角色,而“雙循環”布局則意味著中國國內和國際產業網絡的重構。這一決策不僅對于中國的未來發展極為關鍵,對于促進全球產業網絡的安全與韌性也有著重大意義。產業網絡的重構過程存在著許多不確定性,尤其在當期的特殊國際政治經濟背景下,可能會面臨更多困難。為了實現“雙循環”戰略布局,需要從宏觀到微觀的一系列政策配合。

(執筆人:程煉)


[1]Debaere Peter,2003,“Relative Factor Abundance and Trade”,Journal of Political Economy,111(3):589-610.

[2]Krugman Paul,1991,“Increasing Returns and Economic Geography”,Journal of Political Economy,99(3):483-499.

[3]對此的一個綜述可參見Jackson Matthew O.,2014,“Networks in the Understanding of Economic Behaviors”,Journal of Economic Perspectives,28(4):3-22。

[4]這一點在金融領域,尤其是系統性風險的傳染過程中體現得最為明顯。

[5]由于市場進入成本的存在,傳統模型中經濟利潤為零的約束在這里并不適用。

[6]Hidalgo C.A.,B.Winger,A.L.Barabási,and R.Hausmann,2007,“The Product Space Conditions the Development of Nations”,Science,317(5837):482-487.

[7]David Paul A.,1985,“Clio and the Economics of QWERTY”,American Economic Review,75(2):332-337.

[8]Jankowska Anna,Arne Nagengast,and José Ramón Perea,2012,“The Product Space and the Middle-Income Trap:Comparing Asian and Latin American Experiences”,OECD Development Centre(311).

[9]江小涓:《中國的外資經濟對增長、結構升級和競爭力的貢獻》,《中國社會科學》2002年第11期。

[10]Aghion Philippe,and Peter Howitt,1992,“A Model of Growth Through Creative Destruction”,Econometrica,60(2):323-351.

[11]Blanchard Olivier,and Michael Kremer,1997,“Disorganization”,The Quarterly Journal of Economics,112(4):1091-1126.

[12]這也是“休克療法”的信奉者反對漸進式經濟改革的一個主要原因。

[13]George J.Stigler,1951,“The Division of Labour is Limited by the Extent of the Market”,Journal of Political Economy,59:185-193.

[14]Kizdlyalli Husnu,2019,Economics of TransitionA New Methodology for Transforming a Socialist Economyto a Market-Led Economy and Sketches of a Workable Macroeconomic Theory,Routledge.

[15]Hidalgo C.A.,B.Winger,A.L.Barabási,and R.Hausmann,2007,“The Product Space Conditions the Development of Nations”,Science,317(5837):482-487.

[16]Blanchard 和 Kremer描述的產業鏈條協調失靈就源于廠商在缺乏長期穩定合作關系的情況下對于外部價格導致的機會成本變化過度敏感。參見Blanchard Olivier,and Michael Kremer,1997,“Disorganization”,The Quarterly Journal of Economics,112(4):1091-1126。

[17]Young Alwyn,2000,“The Razor's Edge:Distortions and Incremental Reform in the People's Republic of China”,Quarterly Journal of Economics,115(4):1091-1135.

[18]余永定、覃東海:《中國的雙順差:性質、根源和解決辦法》,《世界經濟》2006年第3期。

[19]Hummels David,Dana Rapoport,and Kei-Mu Yi,1998,“Vertical Specialization and the Changing Nature of World Trade”,Economic Policy Review,4(2):79-99.

[20]Ricardo J.Caballero,Emmanuel Farhi,and Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas,2008,“An Equilibrium Model of‘Global Imbalances’ and Low Interest Rates”,American Economic Review,98:358-393.

[21]Wei Shang Jin,and Yinxi Xie,2020,“Monetary Policy in an Era of Global Supply Chains”,Journal of International Economics,124;La'O.Jennifer,and Alireza Tahbaz-Salehi,2020,“Optimal Monetary Policy in Production Networks”,National Bureau of Economic Research.

[22]di Giovanni Julian,and Galina B.Hale,2020,“Stock Market Spillovers via the Global Production Network:Transmission of U.S.Monetary Policy”,CEPR Discussion Papers.

[23]Coveri Andrea,Claudio Cozza,Leopoldo Nascia,and Antonello Zanfei,2020,“Supply Chain Contagion and the Role of Industrial Policy”,Journal of Industrial and Business Economics,47(3):467-482.

[24]Mehlum Halvor,Karl Moene,and Ragnar Torvik,2006,“Institutions and the Resource Curse”,Economic Journal,116(508):1-20.

[25]Bridge Gavin,2008,“Global Production Networks and the Extractive Sector:Governing Resource-Based Development”,Journal of Economic Geography,8(3):389-419.

[26]Grossman Gene,and Elhanan Helpman,2005,“Outsourcing in a Global Economy”,Review of Economic Studies,72(1):135-159.

[27]李揚、余維彬:《人民幣匯率制度改革:回歸有管理的浮動》,《經濟研究》2005年第8期。

[28]Henderson Jeffrey,and Khalid Nadvi,2011,“Greater China,the Challenges of Global Production Networks and the Dynamics of Transformation”,Global Networks,11(3):285-297.

[29]Enderwick Peter,and Peter J.Buckley,2020,“Rising Regionalization:Will the PostCOVID-19 World See a Retreat from Globalization”,Transnational Corporations,27(2):99-112.

[30]Coe Neil M.,and Henry Wai Chung Yeung,2019,“Global Production Networks:Mapping Recent Conceptual Developments”,Journal of Economic Geography,19(4):775-801.

[31]Mlodawska Jolanta,2011,“Japan's New Competitive Advantage:Enterprises’ Innovative Initiatives and Government's Reforms”,Comparative Economic Research,14(1-2):61-80.

[32]Crinò Rosario,and Laura Ogliari,2017,“Financial Imperfections,Product Quality,and International Trade”,Journal of International Economics,104:63-84.

[33]Javaid Muhammad Nadeem,and Pier-Paolo Saviotti,2012,“Financial System and Technological Catching-up:An Empirical Analysis”,Journal of Evolutionary Economics,22(4):847-870.

[34]這種未來收入不一定會體現為GDP,例如在將外匯儲備轉化為對外國際投資的情況下,它將體現在GNP和國民收入之中。

[35]李揚、張曉晶:《新常態:經濟發展的邏輯與前景》,《經濟研究》2015年第5期。

[36]張平:《貨幣供給機制變化與經濟穩定化政策的選擇》,《經濟學動態》2017年第7期。

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