- 增值稅稅率改革的邏輯
- 王蘊
- 2315字
- 2021-09-17 21:18:58
1.4 創(chuàng)新與不足
1.4.1 創(chuàng)新之處
本書的創(chuàng)新之處表現(xiàn)在以下兩個方面:
一是研究視角創(chuàng)新。本書從全球價值鏈視角分析了我國增值稅稅率結構對我國制造業(yè)價值鏈“升級”的影響,指出了增值稅稅率結構優(yōu)化有益于激勵我國制造業(yè)研發(fā)創(chuàng)新持續(xù)投入,進而促進全球價值鏈“升級”,對沖“人口紅利”消失的不利影響,最終實現(xiàn)從“世界工廠”到“中國智造”的轉型。
二是觀點創(chuàng)新。通過本書的研究,本書得出以下兩個具有創(chuàng)新意義的研究結論:第一,增值稅加計抵減政策加劇了增值稅的扭曲,抑制了增值稅稅收中性優(yōu)勢的發(fā)揮,因此,增值稅稅率結構優(yōu)化的重要內容之一就是以降低稅率的方式,替代加計抵減政策,恢復增值稅的稅收中性。第二,征收率是我國增值稅稅率結構的特殊存在。征收率客觀加劇了增值稅對小微企業(yè)投資行為的扭曲,在減稅降費的背景下,增值稅稅率結構優(yōu)化可以考慮逐步實現(xiàn)增值稅簡易計稅辦法的退出,廢除增值稅征收率,實現(xiàn)優(yōu)化稅率結構、簡化稅制的目的。本書認為,基于我國的國情,簡易征收制度的廢止應當通過統(tǒng)一征收率、改革起征點為免征額、統(tǒng)一增值稅納稅人標準等“三步走”策略,逐漸退出增值稅征收管理,以保留增值稅減稅的空間與彈性。
1.4.2 不足之處
由于缺乏足夠的數(shù)據(jù),本書沒有對增值稅稅率結構優(yōu)化與全國財政赤字、全國債務水平和債務風險的相關性進行研究,進而造成財政與金融之間的關系、聯(lián)動效應分析不足,當然這些內容也是本書下一步需要進一步拓展的研究內容之一。
(1) 姜明耀.增值稅“擴圍”改革對行業(yè)稅負的影響——基于投入產出表的分析[J].中央財經大學學報,2011(2):11-16.
(2) 譚郁森,朱為群.增值稅改革的稅率選擇[J].稅務研究,2013(1):51-54.
(3) 朱為群,陸施予.增值稅的稅率形式:統(tǒng)一稅率還是差別稅率?[J].經濟研究參考,2016(60):17-18.
(4) 胡怡建,田志偉,宮映華.增值稅理論前沿與管理實踐[M].北京:中國稅務出版社,2014.
(5) 馮秀娟,郭芹,邢悅.“營改增”對現(xiàn)代服務業(yè)的影響[J].時代經貿,2015(14):102-105.
(6) 汪德華,楊之剛.增值稅“擴圍”——覆蓋服務業(yè)的困難與建議[J].稅務研究,2009(12):36-38.
(7) 胡怡建,李天祥.增值稅擴圍改革的財政收入影響分析——基于投入產出表的模擬估算[J].財政研究,2011(9):18-22.
(8) 夏杰長,管永昊.“營改增”之際的困境擺脫及其下一步[J].改革,2013(6):65-72.
(9) 李青,方建潮.增值稅全面“擴圍”對省級政府稅收收入的影響——基于投入產出表的模擬測算[J].財貿經濟,2013,34(6):33-42.
(10) 付江峰.我國增值稅改革問題探析[J].稅務研究,2015(11):42-46.
(11) 何楊,王文靜.增值稅稅率結構的國際比較與優(yōu)化[J].稅務研究,2016(3):90-94.
(12) 汪沖.增值稅“擴圍”、單一稅率改進與效率得益[J].稅務與經濟,2011(03):81-87.
(13) 梁季.我國增值稅稅率簡并:與市場資源配置機制的對接、改革設想與路徑分析[J].財政研究,2014(9):8-14.
(14) 何代欣.“營改增”最優(yōu)稅率問題:評估及建議[J].地方財政研究,2015(4):4-6.
(15) 楊小強.法律正義下的增值稅制[J].中國法律評論,2018(6):35-44.
(16) Richard W.Lindholm.A new federal tax system[M].Praeger Publishers,1984:117.
(17) Ramsey F P.A contribution to the theory of taxation[J].The Economic Journal,1927,37(145).
(18) Boiteux M.Sur la gestion des monopoles publics astreints a I’cquilibre budgetaire[J].Ecomometrica,1956,24:22-40.
(19) Diamond P.,J.Mirrlees.Optimal taxation and public production,II:tax rules[J].American Economic Review,1971b,61:261-278.
(20) Corlett,W.,D.Hague.Complementarity and the excess burden of taxation[J].Review of E-conomic Studies,953,21:21-30.
(21) Belan P,Gauthier S.Optimal indirect taxation with a restricted number of tax rates[J].Journal of Public Economics,2006,90(6-7):1201-1213.
(22) Diamond P.,J.Mirrlees.Optimal taxation and public production,I:Production efficiency[J].American Economic Review,1971a,61:8-27.
(23) Lipsey R.,K.Lancaster.The general theory of second best[J].Review of Economic Studies,1957,24:11-32.
(24) Diamond P.,J.Mirrlees.Optimal taxation and public production,I:Production efficiency[J].American Economic Review,1971a,61:8-27.
(25) Blundell R,Pashardes P,Weber G.What do we learn about consumer demand patterns from micro data?[J].american economic review,1993,83(3):570-597.
(26) Blundell R,Pashardes P,Weber G.What do we learn about consumer demand patterns from micro data?[J].American economic review,1993,83(3):570-597.
(27) Richter W F,Stahl K.Lectures on Public Economics by A.B.Atkinson & J.E.Stiglitz[J].Journal of Economics Zeitschrift Füur National?konomie,1983,43(3):322-329.
(28) Richter W F,Stahl K.Lectures on Public Economics by A.B.Atkinson & J.E.Stiglitz[J].Journal of Economics ZeitschriftFüurNational?konomie,1983,43(3):322-329.
(29) Keen M,Lockwood B.Is the VAT a Money Machine?[J].National Tax Journal,2006,59(4):905-928.
(30) Joseph Rosenberg.Preliminary Revenue Estimate and Distributional Analysis of the Tax Provisions in A Roadmap for America's Future Act 2010[BD/OL].http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/taxtopics/Ryan Tax Reform Tables.cfm.
(31) Boeters S,Boehringer C,Buettner T.Economic Eects of VAT Reforms in Germany[J].Applied Economics,2010(42):2165-2182
(32) Fullerton D,Rogers D L.Neglected Effects on the Uses Side:Even a Uniform Tax Would Change Relative Goods Prices[J].American Economic Review,1997,87(2):120-125.
(33) Pechman J A.The Treasury Tax Reform Plan:Pro-or Anti-Growth?[J].Brookings Review,1985,3(3):30-36.
(34) Fullerton D,Rogers D L.Lifetime Versus Annual Perspectives on Tax Incidence[J].National Tax Journal,1991,44(3):277-287.
(35) Feenberg D R,Mitrusi,Andrew W,Poterba,James M.Distributional Effects of Adopting a National Retail Sales Tax[J].Tax Policy & the Economy,1997,11(11):49-89.
(36) Warren N.A Review of Studies on the Distributional Impact of Consumption Taxes in OECDCountries[J].OECD Social,Employment and Migration Working Papers,2008,64:24.
(37) Poterba J M.Venture Capital and Capital Gains Taxation[M].National Bureau of Economic Research,Inc,1989.
(38) David M,Menchik P.Changes in cohort wealth over a generation—perspectives gleaned from life tables and differential mortality.[J].Unpublished,1986,53(3):441-441.
(39) Jenkins G P,Jenkins H P,Kuo C Y.Is the Value Added Tax Naturally Progressive?[J].Working Papers,2006,30:111-115.
(40) Decoster A,Loughrey J,O’Donoghue C,et al.How regressive are indirect taxes?A microsimulation analysis for five European countries[J].Journal of Policy Analysis & Management,2010,29(2):326-350.
(41) Fu R,Bao H,Su S,et al.Effect of the medical insurance on the quality of care for Chinese patients with chronic heart failure[J].International Journal for Quality in Health Care Journal of the International Society for Quality in Health Care,2016,28(6):785.
(42) Ballard C L,Goulder L H.Expectations in Numerical General Equilibrium Models[J].Ifac Proceedings Volumes,1983,16(7):57-62.
(43) Ballard C,Scholz J K,Shoven J B.The Value-added Tax:A General Equilibrium Look at Its Efficiency and Incidence[J].Nber Chapters,1987.
(44) Becker G S,Tomes N.Human Capital and the Rise and Fall of Families[J].Journal of Labor Economics,1986,4(3 Pt.2):1-47.
(45) 李勇,劉辰涵.凜冬將至制造業(yè)轉冷,道阻且長復蘇路懵懵[R].東北證券,2018-11-7.
(46) 實際征收率=稅務機關實際征收到的稅款÷稅務機關法定征收到的稅款。由于稅制的復雜程度、征管能力和征管努力等多重因素,稅收實際征收率難以達到100%。一般而言,稅制的復雜程度與征管能力、征管努力、實際征收率呈現(xiàn)負相關關系。