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六 結(jié)論

為了最大限度地?cái)U(kuò)大參與“一帶一路”倡議的受益范圍,柬埔寨必須彌補(bǔ)自身不足,降低相關(guān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。首先,柬埔寨必須強(qiáng)制性地解決裙帶關(guān)系和腐敗問(wèn)題,否則,“一帶一路”倡議的資金可能無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)其可持續(xù)的目標(biāo),反而會(huì)阻礙柬埔寨的發(fā)展。其次,柬埔寨必須有效地提高其利用人力資源的能力,從而保持穩(wěn)定的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。再次,柬埔寨必須實(shí)現(xiàn)貸款來(lái)源的多樣化,減少對(duì)某一特定捐助者的過(guò)度依賴,這可能對(duì)其外交政策的選擇產(chǎn)生明顯影響。最后,柬埔寨應(yīng)平衡與中國(guó)、東盟成員國(guó)和其他超級(jí)大國(guó)的“平等”關(guān)系。國(guó)際社會(huì)認(rèn)為柬埔寨與中國(guó)過(guò)于親近,由此產(chǎn)生了各種負(fù)面的猜想。平衡與其他大國(guó)的關(guān)系將確保柬埔寨保持其中立政策,避免落入任何國(guó)家的勢(shì)力范圍。

另外,中國(guó)要保持其作為可信賴的外國(guó)投資者和柬埔寨戰(zhàn)略伙伴的聲譽(yù),就應(yīng)該更加重視其投資行為對(duì)基層人民的影響,而不僅僅是關(guān)注與伙伴國(guó)家政府之間的關(guān)系。在提出任何項(xiàng)目之前,應(yīng)先進(jìn)行影響評(píng)估和可行性研究。中國(guó)必須從普通民眾和當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)的角度出發(fā),努力提高華人聲譽(yù)和華人聚居地的形象。

“一帶一路”倡議將在減小東盟區(qū)域發(fā)展不平衡以及加強(qiáng)整個(gè)區(qū)域的互聯(lián)互通方面發(fā)揮至關(guān)重要的作用。然而,正如許多批評(píng)人士所警告的那樣,這種巨額資金的投資也可能對(duì)東盟與東盟的中心地位和團(tuán)結(jié)造成影響。例如,馬蒙·莫仲達(dá)博士建議,為了避免陷入困境,東盟必須統(tǒng)一立場(chǎng),在南海和其他核心問(wèn)題上協(xié)商,達(dá)成一致。中國(guó)必須采取措施促使東盟對(duì)中國(guó)建立信任和信心,重申其在發(fā)展互聯(lián)互通的基礎(chǔ)上促進(jìn)貿(mào)易的和平意圖。[69]中國(guó)還必須清晰明確地闡述現(xiàn)有的和新的倡議,如“一帶一路”倡議、瀾滄江—湄公河合作等,以避免他國(guó)對(duì)中國(guó)增進(jìn)人類互利和發(fā)展的善意產(chǎn)生偏見(jiàn)和誤解。為此,中國(guó)需要通過(guò)協(xié)商對(duì)話加強(qiáng)公眾認(rèn)識(shí),并應(yīng)擴(kuò)大此類“二軌外交”[70],以便在各種主題事項(xiàng)上匯集更具區(qū)域包容性的意見(jiàn)。

Cambodia and the Belt and Road Initiative:Opportunities and Challenges

Pich Charadine

Abstract Since its establishment in 2013,the Chinese grand scheme,the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI),has since then become an enormous landmark global-wide initiative that would boost the essence of globalization into an unprecedented level of global integration.Cambodia and all other ASEAN member states are the partner countries among other 65 states from different regions.Cambodia is one of the BRI’s most supportive partners who are striving intensively to cooperate with China in transforming the development projects into a significant output.Despite all those remarkable progress and opportunities,a few crucial challenges shall not be neglected and ought to be responded with caution.This paper will assess the SWOT analysis of Cambodia in the context of the BRI and discuss the prospects of the BRI toward ASEAN Community-building vis-à-vis China-ASEAN cooperation.

Key Words Cambodia;BRI;ASEAN Community;China-ASEAN Cooperation

Author Pich Charadine,Senior Fellow and the Coordinator of the Global Center for Mekong Studies(GCMS-Cambodia Center)of the Cambodian Institute for Cooperation and Peace(CICP),Adjunct Lecturer in the Department of Political Science at Zaman University(currently Paragon International University)Cambodia.


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[70] 譯者注:“二軌外交”是一種特殊的非官方外交,相對(duì)于政府間的“第一軌外交”而言,通常是通過(guò)學(xué)者、退休官員的交流,以民間形式進(jìn)行,由于方式較靈活、廣泛,常可起到官方渠道難以起到的作用。

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