衛生費用與健康產出：中國在追趕OECD國家嗎？^注4

【摘要】  本文考察了1978—2013年中國在人均衛生總費用、人均預期壽命、嬰兒死亡率與五歲以下兒童死亡率方面是否追趕OECD國家。通過構建中國與OECD國家在以上指標的差距變量，運用第二代面板單位根和DF-GLS單位根檢驗方法，本文發現：中國與OECD國家在人均衛生總費用方面不存在追趕，但在健康產出方面明顯縮小了差距，尤其體現在嬰兒死亡率指標上。因此，綜合考慮醫療衛生的投入和產出，中國醫療衛生體制改革所取得的成績不容忽視。

【關鍵詞】  衛生費用  健康產出  嬰兒死亡率  追趕

Abstract  This paper examines whether China is catching up with the OECD countries in terms of four indicators such as per capita health expenditure, life expectancy, infant mortality and under-5 mortality rate over the period of 1978—2013. By constructing variables which measure the distances between China and the OECD countries in the above four indicators, and using the second-generation panel unit root testing and the DF-GLS unit root testing, this article finds that China failed to catch up with the OECD countries in terms of per capita health expenditure, but narrowed the gaps in terms of health outcome, and especially infant mortality. Taking into consideration of both China's health input and health outcome, it is safe to argue that China's health care reform has made great achievements.

Key　words  Health Expenditure, Health Outcome, Infant Mortality, Catch Up