官术网_书友最值得收藏!

第四節 新興趣產生的后果

在20世紀60年代,前述的局限性大部分都被忽略。相信學生入學能夠創造奇跡的新信念,迅速蔓延至世界各地。最引人注目的結果是,男女學生人數在各級學校均出現了驚人的增長,與此相伴隨的是各類教育機構在數量上蔚為壯觀的增長。盡管還有一些跡象表明,法國的農民和工匠對教育比較冷淡和漠不關心的情況仍然存在,但是,家長們一般都要求他們的孩子接受比他們自己更多的教育These pocket do not suffice to make France an exception to the general tendency. Some idea of the pressure building up there can be gained from a study of the results of the examinations for the baccaluréat, published in the summer of 1965. The number of candidates had increased to 159974 from 60000, in 1955. The number passed had increased to 96525 from 39000, in 1955. But the percentage passed was the lowest in ten years: it was 60.3. When almost 40 per cent of the candidates for degree as important in the life of the students as the baccaluréat fail, some kind of explosion is inevitable.。而且,他們還渴望自己的孩子能夠進入那些以前不對他們開放的學校。同時,政府開始用支持的態度看待這些對教育的需求,原因是他們假定,教育和國家繁榮強大之間存在密切的關聯。關于這一點,我在前面已經述及。

20世紀60年代,所有這些現象都是在全球范圍內發生的。在西方發達的工業國家,重視發展教育的浪潮似乎很有可能瓦解經歷數個世紀才勉強建立起來的現存社會結構。在發展中國家,快速增長的學校教育需求對資源所產生的壓力,一方面迫使政府要對重點支持的教育機構的先后順序做出決策;另一方面也迫使政府慎重權衡是否采納帶有西方國家特色的某些做法,如在不久的將來考慮實施免費中學教育等。然而,即便是在這些國家,人們對教育的熱情幾乎達到了毋庸置疑的地步,以至于他們寧可選擇普遍貧窮落后,但所有人都享有均等機會的學校教育,也不要那種質量雖高但并不是所有人都可以享有的教育See Michel Debeauvais, “Education in Former French Africa, ”in Education and Political development, ed. James S. Coleman(Princeton, N. J. : Princeton University Press, 1965, p.88: “Up to now African leaders seem to have given priority, for political and social reasons, to the development of elementary education. Although experts and international organizations recommend concentration on secondary education, which would train instructors as well as administrative and technical personnel, African leaders reply that they must first satisfy the needs for moderniza tion and progress among the mass clamoring for schools. ”Cf. the decision of Uganda, in 1958, to limit expansion of primary education in order to release funds for secondary education, in David G. Scanlon, Education in Uganda(Washington: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, 1964), pp.14-15.

這種令人驚嘆的發展速度對教育提出了第一個主要問題。

主站蜘蛛池模板: 开鲁县| 平安县| 陇南市| 新沂市| 胶州市| 新郑市| 赣榆县| 黄骅市| 三江| 铜梁县| 台前县| 礼泉县| 牙克石市| 泸水县| 泊头市| 凤翔县| 桑植县| 仁寿县| 江川县| 乌恰县| 银川市| 顺平县| 库车县| 红河县| 沐川县| 卢氏县| 光泽县| 拉萨市| 梅州市| 黎川县| 汉沽区| 汽车| 霞浦县| 南宁市| 城市| 缙云县| 铅山县| 阿拉善右旗| 三原县| 伊通| 襄垣县|