我們深深渴望著自主權(quán),這種渴望會在一切可能出現(xiàn)的地方露頭,而我們選擇做出自我毀滅的行為就是證據(jù)。有時候,我們覺得自己所做的決定都是糟糕的。以現(xiàn)代現(xiàn)象“報復(fù)性熬夜”為例,記者達(dá)芙妮·K.李(Daphne K. Lee)用這個詞來描述那些“喪失白天生活中大部分控制權(quán)的人”——為了在深夜時段重獲自主權(quán)而拒絕早睡。[9]如果你曾經(jīng)為了感受自由而做出自己明知有害的事情,你就會理解這個概念。
盡管雇主們絞盡腦汁想讓員工們投入工作,但工作中的疏離情緒持續(xù)增多。效率工具的普及極大地剝奪了員工們的自主權(quán):經(jīng)理們必須按照既定的話術(shù)與團(tuán)隊溝通,不能想說什么就說什么;董事們運用目標(biāo)與關(guān)鍵成果(O K R)、關(guān)鍵績效指標(biāo)(KPI)這樣的衡量工具來將任務(wù)細(xì)化到每日、每周、每月、每季度和每年。再也沒有人能夠自主決策了。
[1] Keyes, C. L.(2002). The mental health continuum: From languishing to flourishing in life. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 43(2), 207-222.
[2] Grant, A.(2021, December 3). Feeling blah during the pandemic? It’s called languishing. New York Times.
[3] Major depression: The impact on overall health.(n.d.). Blue Cross Blue Shield.
[4] Goodwin, R. D., Weinberger, A. H., Kim, J. H., Wu, M., &Galea, S.(2020). Trends in anxiety among adults in the United States, 2008-2018: Rapid increases among young adults. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 130, 441-446.
[5] Martinez-Ales, G., Hernandez-Calle, D., Khauli, N., & Keyes, K. M.(2020). Why are suicide rates increasing in the United States? Towards a multilevel reimagination of suicide prevention. Behavioral Neurobio logy o f Suici de and Self Harm, 1-23.
[6] Purcell, J.(2014). Disengaging from engagement. Human Resource Management Journal, 24(3), 241-254.
[7] Kato, T. A., Kanba, S., & Teo, A. R.(2019). Hikikomori:Multidimensional understanding, assessment, and future international perspectives. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences ,73(8), 427-440.
[8] Poe, E. A.(2021). The imp of the perverse. Lindhardt og Ringhof.
[9] Liang, L.(2022, February 25). The psychology behind“revenge bedtime procrastination.”BBC.
[10] Nauts, S., Kamphorst, B.A., Stut, W., De Ridder, D. T., &Anderson, J. H.(2019). The explanations people give for going to bed late: A qualitative study of the varieties of bedtime procrastination. Behavioral Sleep M edicine, 17(6), 753-762.
[11] Gallup, Inc.(2023, July 10). Global Indicator: Employee Engagement——Gallup. Gallup.com.