More Students Are Turning Away from College and Toward Apprenticeships

越來越多的學生放棄大學而轉向學徒制

By Douglas Belkin

Last spring Dina Sosa Cruz sat with her parents and sister in the family's living room and reviewed her options: a full academic ride to the University of the District of Columbia， or an apprenticeship in the insurance industry. Her family was unanimous: Take the apprenticeship.

去年春天，迪娜·索薩·克魯茲與父母和妹妹坐在家中客廳里，慎重考慮著她的選擇：是拿著全額獎學金去哥倫比亞特區大學，還是去保險業做學徒。她的家人一致同意：去做學徒。

Family conversations like the one in Ms. Cruz's living room are bubbling up around the country as high-school seniors recalibrate their options. The result has been the acceleration of a shift away from the nation's half-century “college-for-all“ model toward a choice of either college or vocational programs - including apprenticeships.

隨著高中畢業生紛紛重新調整他們的選擇，像克魯茲家里發生的這種家庭對話正在全美各地不斷涌現。而產生此結果的原因就是，美國半個世紀以來的“全民讀大學”模式正加速轉變為在讀大學與（包括學徒制在內的）職業課程之間進行選擇。

Apprenticeship programs are increasing in both number and variety. Programs are expanding into white-collar industries such as banking， cybersecurity and consulting. Apprenticeships take many forms but generally pair students with a course of study focused on a particular occupation and practical work experience under the supervision of a mentor.

學徒制課程的數量和種類都在增加，而且已擴展到銀行業、網絡安全和咨詢等白領產業。學徒制有多種形式，不過通常都是為學生提供聚焦某種特定職業的課程，以及在導師指導下進行的工作實踐。

The gap between the number of students going to college and those selecting apprenticeships is closing as many employers are struggling to find workers in the tightest job market. As a result， some employers say a mismatch has developed between the skills employers are seeking and the lessons students are learning in college and university courses.

選擇上大學和選擇學徒制的學生人數之間的差距正在縮小，與此同時，還是有許多雇主發現自己很難在極其緊俏的就業市場上招到員工。因此，一些雇主表示，他們所需的技能與學生在大學課程中所學內容之間出現了一種錯配。

Companies such as Alphabet Inc's Google， Delta Air Lines Inc. and International Business Machines Corp. have responded by dropping college degrees as requirements for some positions and shifting hiring to focus more on skills and experience.

Alphabet公司旗下的谷歌、達美航空和IBM等公司已對此做出回應，它們取消了對一些職位的大學學歷要求，并在招聘中更加關注求職者的能力和經驗。