第25章　美國最杰出的雕塑家

現在，我打算給你們說一說圣-戈登斯。圣-戈登斯既非基督教的殉道者，也非基督教使徒；他根本就不是一位圣徒。只是因為他姓“圣-戈登斯”，就像有的人可能姓亞當斯或者姓馮·興登堡一樣。他的名字，叫作奧古斯塔斯。

雖然我跟你們說圣-戈登斯不是一位圣徒，但我并不是要讓你們覺得他這個人很壞。相反，圣-戈登斯是一個很好的人，也是一位非常杰出的雕塑家。

從一個方面來看，我們便知道，他是一位真正偉大的雕塑家，因為有如此之多不同的人都喜歡他的作品。對于奧古斯塔斯·圣-戈登斯創作的雕塑作品，年輕人和成年人可都是同樣地贊不絕口呢。

圣-戈登斯第一件偉大的雕塑作品，便是海軍上將法拉格特的雕像。法拉格特上將是南北戰爭時期美國海軍的一名將領。這尊雕像坐落在紐約市的麥迪遜廣場公園里，表現的是這位海軍上將站在軍艦甲板上時必定擁有的那種威風凜凜的模樣。他的雙腿微微分開，牢牢地對抗著海船的起伏。海風將他的外套吹向后方。由于海風猛烈，他的帽子緊緊地扣在頭上。他的面容堅強，看上去毅然得很，似乎已經下定了決心，不管前面是什么，都要獲得勝利。

of stone to hold the statue high.But Admiral Farragut’s pedestal is really part of the statue.An architect helped Saint-Gaudens design the pedestal.The ripples and the dolphins in the pedestal make you think of the ocean.And the naval sword in the front carries your eye up to the admiral.Notice that Admiral Farragut is in his uniform, which includes long pants called trousers.

This is the first statue we've looked at that shows a figure in trousers. In George Washington's time, sculptors put their bronze or marble men in knee breeches.When men began to wear long pants, the sculptors had a hard time because the pants are apt to look like stovepipes or logs instead of like cloth leg coverings.But Saint-Gaudens didn't let tree-trunk trousers spoil his statues.His statues are good even in trousers.

And there's another statue of his in trousers to prove it. Saint-Gaudens'Abraham Lincoln is one of the best-loved statues in America.It stands in Lincoln Park in Chicago.A copy of the statue was given to Great Britain by the United States and was put up near Westminster Abbey in London.Lincoln stands before a chair of state, or a president's chair.He looks as if he has just stood up to say something to the people before him.Lincoln's face is serious.It is a face that has in it both strength and gentleness, as though Lincoln knew that

現在，請大家看一看這尊雕像的基座。絕大多數雕像的基座，都只是一塊塊巨大的石頭，好讓雕像高高屹立罷了。但是，《法拉格特上將像》這尊雕塑的基座，實際上卻是整座雕像的一部分。是一位建筑師，協助圣-戈登斯設計出這個基座的。基座上的波浪和海豚，令人想起茫無天際的海洋。而前部的海軍之劍，則帶領著我們的目光往上，去瞻仰這位海軍上將。請注意，法拉格特上將身著制服，包括長褲。

這是我們見過的、其中人物身著長褲的第一尊雕塑作品。在喬治·華盛頓的那個時代，雕塑家們制作出來的青銅或大理石人物雕像，都是穿著短褲的。人們開始穿長褲之后，雕塑家們可犯了難，因為長褲雕刻出來后，看上去很容易像是大煙囪或者圓木，而不像是人們腿上所穿的褲子。但圣-戈登斯并沒有讓這種樹干似的長褲，毀掉自己的這件雕塑作品。即便是其中的人物穿著褲子，他創作出來的雕塑也是很優秀的。

他還有一尊穿著長褲的雕塑作品，可以證明這一點。圣-戈登斯創作的《亞伯拉罕·林肯》，是美國民眾最喜愛的雕塑作品之一。這件雕塑，坐落在芝加哥的林肯公園里。美國曾經把這尊雕塑的一件復制品贈送給英國，立在倫敦威斯敏斯特大

millions of anxious people were depending on him to lead them and comfort them.Do you know what the words dignity and simplicity mean?Saint-Gaudens’Abraham Lincoln has dignity.And it has simplicity.

The Farragut and Lincoln statues are of Civil War leaders. Saint-Gaudens was much too young at the time to be in the Civil War himself.But after the war, people wanted statues of the war heroes and Saint-Gaudens was chosen to make some of them.

The next statue is also of a Civil War leader. Saint-Gaudens made a statue in memory of Colonel Shaw, who commanded the first African American regiment from Massachusetts.The statue stands in Boston on the spot from which Colonel Shaw and his soldiers started out for the war.

The Shaw Memorial is in relief. It shows the young colonel mounted on a horse and riding beside the marching African American men in his regiment.Above in the sky flies the angel of death.Saint-Gaudens put the angel of death there because Colonel Shaw was killed in battle with many of his soldiers.

The sculptor worked on this relief for fourteen years. Again and again he made

教堂附近呢。作品中，林肯站在國家元首寶座前，或者說總統寶座之前。他似乎是剛剛站起身來，要向面前的民眾說點兒什么。林肯的面容非常嚴肅。這張面龐，既飽含力量，又充滿了親切和善之情，仿佛林肯明白，千百萬憂心如焚的民眾正在倚賴著他，需要他的率領，需要他的鼓舞。你們知不知道，“莊嚴”和“樸素”這兩個詞的意思呢？圣-戈登斯的《亞伯拉罕·林肯像》，就顯得既莊嚴，又樸素。

法拉格特上將像和林肯像，描繪的都是美國內戰中的領導人。當時，圣-戈登斯還太小，沒法參加這場內戰。可戰爭過后，美國民眾希望為戰爭中的這些英雄人物雕刻塑像，便選定圣-戈登斯來為其中的一些領袖制作雕塑了。

下一尊雕像，刻畫的也是美國內戰中的一位領導人。圣-戈登斯制作了一尊雕像，來紀念那位曾經指揮過馬薩諸塞州第一支美籍非裔軍團的肖上校。這件雕塑，坐落在波士頓，就在肖上校曾經率軍開始出征的那個地方。

《肖上校紀念碑》是一件浮雕作品。它描繪了這位年輕的上校騎在馬上，在手下那個美籍非裔軍團進軍時馳騁一旁的情形。天空中，飛翔著死亡天使。圣-戈登斯之所以雕上死亡天使，是因為后來肖上校與手下許多的士兵全都英勇陣亡了。

圣-戈登斯花了十四年的時間，才完成了這尊浮雕。他一遍又一遍地修改，直

changes until he felt that every part of the statue was right.In fact, he was so careful to make it a good memorial that he spent more money making it than he was paid for doing it.The marching soldiers, the slanting rifles, the spirited horse, the forward look of the rider, and the drawn sword give such swing and movement to the whole statue that you can almost hear the tramp of the feet and the beat of the drums.

Do you still remember the equestrian statue that is called the best in all the world?And the equestrian statue called the second best?Now we come to the equestrian statue that has been called the third best equestrian statue. The sculptor was Saint-Gaudens.The statue is of General Sherman.General Sherman was a Union leader in the Civil War.The statue shows General Sherman riding forward behind the angel of victory.

The Sherman statue is made of bronze but it is painted with gold paint, or gilt, so it isn't the same color as other bronze statues. It stands near the entrance to Central Park in New York City for all to see.It was made by one of the best American sculptors of all.

到自己覺得雕塑的每個部分都沒有問題才罷手。事實上，他太過謹慎，想要讓這件作品成為一座優秀的紀念碑，因此花出去的錢比創作這件雕塑賺到的工錢還要多哩。行進中的士兵、他們斜斜扛著的步槍、那匹精神飽滿的戰馬、騎馬者急切的面容，以及他拔出來的那把利劍，給整座雕像賦予了強烈的節奏感和運動感，以至于你們幾乎都可以聽得到進軍步伐的聲音，聽得見戰鼓的轟鳴。

你們還記不記得那件被稱為世界上最杰出的騎馬雕塑作品呢？還記不記得那尊號稱世界第二杰出的騎馬雕塑呢？如今，我們碰到的，則是被稱為世界第三的騎馬雕塑作品了。雕刻出這件作品的，就是圣-戈登斯。而這件雕塑作品，就是謝爾曼將軍像。謝爾曼將軍是美國內戰中的一位領導人。這尊雕塑，描繪的就是謝爾曼將軍騎著戰馬，跟在勝利天使之后前進的情形。

謝爾曼將軍紀念像由青銅澆鑄而成，但上面涂成了金色；也就是說，它是一尊鍍金青銅像，因此它的顏色與其他青銅雕塑作品并不一樣。它屹立在紐約市中央公園的入口，供萬人瞻仰。它也是由美國歷史上這位最杰出的雕刻家雕制出來的。