二語焦點語調(diào)產(chǎn)出

——跟讀和同聲模仿比較

王蓓 邱新儀 張夏夏 劉廣盈

摘要 語音模仿是二語學(xué)習中常用的方法。本文比較了單獨朗讀、跟讀模仿（Listen-and-Repeat，LAR）和同聲模仿（Synchronous-Imitation，SI）三種任務(wù)下，哈薩克斯坦留學(xué)生產(chǎn)出的漢語焦點語調(diào)。兩個模仿任務(wù)都是先聽母語者的標準語音，跟讀任務(wù)要求發(fā)音人在讀句子時盡可能模仿標準語音；而同聲模仿則要求發(fā)音人在讀出句子的同時聽標準語音，并保持同步。結(jié)果顯示：（1）中級水平的二語學(xué)習者不能夠獨立產(chǎn)出正確的焦點語調(diào)，而只能通過時長延長的方式強調(diào)焦點詞。（2）兩種模仿任務(wù)中，二語者可以部分實現(xiàn)焦點詞音高上升和焦點后音高壓縮，且兩個任務(wù)間沒有系統(tǒng)差異。（3）相比于跟讀模仿，同聲模仿時聲調(diào)的正確率更高且流暢程度更好。總體來說，二語者主要是對升或降的語調(diào)模式進行模仿，特別是高音點的變化趨勢，而不是模仿具體的音高或時長參數(shù)。并且音高和時長的模仿是基本分離的，聲調(diào)和語調(diào)的模仿也是相對獨立的。

關(guān)鍵詞 二語語調(diào)模仿，焦點語調(diào)，跟讀模仿，同聲模仿

Focus Intonation imitation in L2：Comparing Listen-and-repeat（LAR）and Synchronous-imitation（SI）

WANG Bei QIU Xinyi ZHANG Xiaxia LIU Guangying

Abstract Imitation is commonly applied in L2 learning. This study compared two tasks on L2 intonation imitation，i.e.，Listen-and-repeat（LAR）and Synchronous-imitation（SI）. In LAR，after hearing the recorded sentence，speakers were asked to imitate it as close as possible，whereas in SI，the recording was played the same time while they read the sentences，and they were asked to be as synchronous as possible. Kazakhstan-Mandarin L2 speakers were asked to read Mandarin sentences in different focus conditions in solo，LAR and SI. The results showed that：（1）To realize focus in solo reading，these medial-level L2 speakers cannot produce proper focus intonation but mainly rely on lengthening the focused words.（2）In the two imitation tasks，they can partly produce on-focus F0 raising and post-focus F0 compression，with no clear difference between the two tasks.（3）As compared to LAR，SI shows advantage on fluency and tone accuracy. In general，L2 speakers seem to imitate the abstract intonation patterns，especially the raising of maximum F0，but not the exact acoustic parameters. It seems that the imitation on F0 and duration is largely independent，so is the imitation on tone and intonation.

Key words L2 intonation imitation，F(xiàn)ocus intonation，Listen-and-repeat，Synchronous-imitation