- 法律經貿英語Q&A:疑難詳解與翻譯
- 倪清泉 謝金榮 劉亞蘭
- 762字
- 2021-05-14 15:43:10
第44解
encumbrance
【英文】An encumbrance is a right to,interest in,or legal liability on real property that does not prohibit passing title to the property but that diminishes its value.Encumbrances can be classified in several ways.They may be financial(ex. liens)or non-financial(ex.easements,private restrictions).Alternatively,they may be divided into those that affect title(ex.lien,legal or equitable charge)or those that affect the use or physical condition of the encumbered property(ex.restrictions,easements,encroachments).
【譯文】財產抵押權(或產權負擔)指對不動產的擁有的權利、享有的權益或承擔的法律責任,其并不禁止產權轉移,但卻因此減少價值。產權負擔有幾種分類方法。可按金錢(如留置權)或非金錢(如地役權、私人約束權等)分類。還有另外一種分類方式,即可對設定了產權負擔的財產按影響產權轉移(如留置、普通法或衡平法上的債務負擔等)或影響該財產的使用或物理狀態(如約束使用、地役權、財產侵蝕等)等進行分類。
【解釋】encumbrance可譯為“財產抵押權”或“產權負擔”。
再如:
1.Encumbrances include security interests,liens,servitudes(e.g.easements,wayleaves,real covenants,profits a prendre),leases,restrictions,encroachments,and air and subsurface rights.Also,those considered as potentially making the title defeasible are encumbrances,e.g.charging orders,building orders and structure alteration.〔譯文:財產抵押權包括擔保權益、留置權、使用權(如地役權、通行權、不動產契約以及先占權等)、租賃、約束、侵蝕以及空中和地下等各種權利。另外,被視為潛在地可廢除產權之各種權利也屬于產權負擔,比如財產扣押令、建筑要求命令以及改動建筑結構等權利。〕
2.In Hong Kong,there is statutory definition of “encumbrance”.In Conveyancing and Property Ordinance(Cap.219)it reads:“‘encumbrance’includes a legal and equitable mortgage,a trust for securing money,a lien,a charge of a portion,annuity,or other capital or annual sum;and “encumbrancer”has a meaning corresponding with that of “encumbrance” and includes every person entitled to the benefit of an encumbrance,or to require payment or discharge thereof.”〔譯文:在香港,制定法對“產權負擔”進行了界定。《物業轉易及財產條例》(第219章規定,“產權負擔”包括普通法和衡平法上的抵押、為保障金錢安全的財產信托、留置、對(根據法律贈與或遺留給繼承人的)一份財產接管、年薪保險或其他本金總額或年度總額等。而“產權負擔人”則意味著前述相應的“產權負擔”,包括有權獲得產權負擔利益或依據產權負擔規定要求支付或履行義務的每一個人。〕