第28解

composition

【英文】Composition，an agreement or compromise by which a creditor or group of creditors accepts partial payment from a debtor.

【譯文】?jī)斶€借款和解協(xié)議就是某一債權(quán)人或債權(quán)人集團(tuán)通過(guò)接受債務(wù)人支付的部分款項(xiàng)的方式達(dá)成協(xié)議或妥協(xié)。

【解釋】composition意為a legal agreement to pay a sum in lieu of a larger debt or other obligation，可譯為（償還部分借款以勾銷全部債務(wù)的）“和解協(xié)議”或“和解償還”。

另外，composition 很容易與arrangement 混淆。兩者均有和解性“債務(wù)清償協(xié)議”和“部分償還方式了結(jié)債務(wù)的協(xié)議”的含義。arrangement 有兩個(gè)意思：（1）等同于composition；（2）等同于voluntary arrangement（自愿協(xié)議）。

再如：

1.Arrangement is a method of enabling a debtor to enter into an agreement with any creditors（either privately or through the courts）to discharge his or her debts by partial payment，as an alternative to bankruptcy.This is generally achieved by a scheme of arrangement，which involves applying the assets and income of the debtor in proportionate payment to the creditors.For instance，a scheme of arrangement may stipulate that the creditors will receive 20 pence for every pound that is owned to them.This is sometimes also known as composition. Once a scheme of arrangement has been agreed a deed of arrangement is drawn up，which must be registered with the Department of Trade and Industry within seven days.〔譯文：一種通過(guò)支付部分款項(xiàng)使得債務(wù)人能夠與任何債權(quán)人達(dá)成協(xié)議（既可以私下達(dá)成協(xié)議也可以通過(guò)法院達(dá)成協(xié)議），以解除他的/她的債務(wù)的方法，該方法作為破產(chǎn)的變通辦法。通常通過(guò)還款協(xié)議計(jì)劃的方式達(dá)成此種目的，其涉及運(yùn)用債務(wù)人資產(chǎn)以及收入按比例支付給所有債權(quán)人。例如，還款協(xié)議計(jì)劃可以規(guī)定債權(quán)人將獲得其所應(yīng)得的每一英鎊的20便士。有時(shí)該還款計(jì)劃也稱為composition（部分還款協(xié)議）。一旦各方就還款協(xié)議計(jì)劃達(dá)成一致，將起草還款契約，該契約必須在7日內(nèi)向貿(mào)易與工業(yè)部登記。〕

2.Voluntary arrangement：a procedure provided for by the Insolvency Act （1986），in which a company may come to an arrangement with its creditors to pay off its debts and to manage its affairs so that it resolves its financial difficulties.This arrangement may be proposed by the directors，an administrator acting under an administration order，or a liquidator.A qualified insolvency practitioner must be appointed to supervise the arrangement.This practitioner may be the administrator or liquidator，in which case a meeting of the company and its creditors must be called to consider the arrangement.The proposals may be modified or approved at this meeting but，once approved，they bind all those who had notice of the meeting.The court may make the necessary orders to bring the arrangement into effect.The arrangement may be challenged in court in the case of any irregularity.This aim of this legislation is to assist the company to solve its financial problems without the need for a winding-up.〔譯文：自愿償債協(xié)議：《1986年破產(chǎn)法》所規(guī)定的一種程序，依據(jù)該協(xié)議一家公司可以同其債權(quán)人達(dá)成協(xié)議，以還清債務(wù)并管理其事務(wù)，其目的是幫助該公司解決財(cái)政困難。該協(xié)議可由債權(quán)人、依據(jù)遺產(chǎn)管理令行事的遺產(chǎn)管理人或公司資產(chǎn)清算人提出。必須任命適格的破產(chǎn)執(zhí)業(yè)者監(jiān)督該協(xié)議。該執(zhí)業(yè)者可以是遺產(chǎn)管理人或公司資產(chǎn)清算人，在此種情況下必須召開(kāi)公司和債權(quán)人之間的會(huì)議，以考慮該協(xié)議。所提出的協(xié)議可以在會(huì)議上變更或批準(zhǔn)，但一旦得以批準(zhǔn)，將對(duì)所有知悉該會(huì)議的人產(chǎn)生約束力。為使該協(xié)議生效法院可以發(fā)布必要的命令。如果該協(xié)議不符合司法程序（irregularity），則可能在法院受到質(zhì)疑。該立法的此種目的就是協(xié)助公司無(wú)需經(jīng)歷清算程序就能解決其財(cái)務(wù)問(wèn)題。〕