第9解

appeal by right

【英文】Appeals by right constitute three-quarters of intermediate appel-late court caseloads.

【譯文】權(quán)利上訴案件占中級(jí)上訴法院待處理案件的四分之三。

【解釋】appeal by right可譯為“權(quán)利上訴”，如對(duì)于最終判決（final judgment：亦即一審判決，而非終審判決）之上訴，一般都是appeal by right，此時(shí)法院如無正當(dāng)理由，必須受理上訴。該上訴有時(shí)也稱為appeal as of right（基于正當(dāng)權(quán)利的上訴）。

與appeal by right 相對(duì)應(yīng)的是appeal by permission（批準(zhǔn)上訴），指須由上訴法院經(jīng)自由裁量后向下級(jí)法院簽發(fā)“調(diào)取案卷令”（writ of certiorari）后予以受理的上訴。

本例中的appeal指an application to a higher court for a decision to be reversed（向上一級(jí)法院申請(qǐng)，要求改判），因其為復(fù)數(shù)，其意應(yīng)為“權(quán)利上訴案件”。

再如：

1.Appeals by right dominate intermediate appellate court caseloads.〔譯文：權(quán)利上訴案件占中級(jí)上訴法院待處理案件中的絕大多數(shù)。〕

2.For the 2009 reporting period，26 courts of last resort and 24 intermediate appellate courts reported complete appeal by right caseloads.For these courts，appeals by right equaled 25 percent and 75 percent of the total caseload，respectively.The fact that intermediate appellate courts handle more appeals by right than courts of last resort is an artifact of having a two-tiered appellate system in which the appellant’s first appeal，or the appeal as of right，is filed with and considered by the intermediate appellate court.State courts of last resort have， over the years，given more of this first appeal responsibility to the intermediate appellate courts，but all courts of last resort maintain some type of appeal by right jurisdiction.

〔譯文：在2009年的報(bào)表期間，26個(gè)終極審判法院和24個(gè)中級(jí)上訴法院報(bào)告了完整的權(quán)利上訴案件。對(duì)于此兩類法院來說，權(quán)利上訴案件分別占整個(gè)待處理案件總量的25%和75%。中級(jí)上訴法院比終極審判法院處理更多的上訴案件這一現(xiàn)象表明了法院之兩級(jí)上訴體制，該體制下上訴者第一次上訴，或者說基于正當(dāng)權(quán)利的上訴應(yīng)提交給中級(jí)上訴法院并由其作出決策。（美國(guó)）州法院多年來將此類第一次上訴責(zé)任更多地給了中級(jí)上訴法院，但所有終極審判法院都保留了某種權(quán)利上訴的管轄權(quán)。〕

3.Q：What court grants appeal by permission only ？ A：The Supreme Court of the United States has full discretion over the cases reviewed under its appellate jurisdiction.Appellants submit a “petition for a writ of certiorari，”asking the Court to consider a case.If the Supreme Court believes the petition has merit，they may grant certiorari（grant cert）and issue a writ of certiorari（order to the lower court to send case records）.When the justices grant cert，they are essentially granting permission to the petitioner to bring a case before the Court.〔譯文：?jiǎn)枺耗囊患?jí)法院僅授予批準(zhǔn)上訴權(quán)？答：美國(guó)聯(lián)邦最高法院對(duì)所有其下的上訴法院復(fù)審的案件都有完全的自由裁量權(quán)。上訴人提交“調(diào)卷令之訴訟請(qǐng)求”，要求該法院就某一案件作出裁決。如果聯(lián)邦最高法院認(rèn)為該請(qǐng)求有勝訴可能，法官們則會(huì)準(zhǔn)予調(diào)卷（grant cert）并簽發(fā)調(diào)卷令（命令下級(jí)法院呈送案卷記錄之命令）。聯(lián)邦最高法院大法官們準(zhǔn)予調(diào)卷請(qǐng)求后，他們實(shí)際上批準(zhǔn)了上訴人要求在該法院（最后）審理的請(qǐng)求。〕

另外，在對(duì)法院年度報(bào)告的統(tǒng)計(jì)表里，常以如下方式表示各類案件審理的比例。