Arduino

Italian-based Arduino started as a project for students in 2005. This open source microcontroller features digital and analog inputs and outputs and is considered one of the best microcontrollers for beginners. The following is a photograph of the Arduino Uno, which was the first USB-based Arduino board. It features 14 digital I/O pins and 6 analog input pins:

Many expansion boards, called Shields in the Arduino world, are available for Arduino boards. These boards include CNC motor control, relay control, touchpads, and Ethernet boards. Arduino boards, such as the Uno, do not have Wi-Fi built in and hence are not the ideal choice for IoT applications.