註釋

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2　Rothbart, M. K.(2007). Temperament, development, and personality. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16(4), 207.

3　Gertzfield, A. R.(2006). Essentials of abnormal psychology. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons; Oltmanns, T. F., & Emery, R. E.(2011). Abnormal psychology(7th ed.). Boston: Pearson.

4　Ray, W. J.(2015). Abnormal psychology: Neuroscience perspectives on human behavior and experience. Thousand Oaks: SAGE.

5　同上。

6　Samuel, D. B., Simms, L. J., Clark, L. A., Livesley, W. J., & Widiger, T. A.(2010). An item response theory integration of normal and abnormal personality scales. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 1, 5-21.

7　McCrae, R. R., & Costa, Jr., P. T.(2008). The five factor theory of personality. In O. P. John, R. W. Robins, and L. A. Pervin(Eds.), Handbook of personality(pp.159-181). New York: Guilford Press.

8　Saucier, G.(2008). Measures of personality factors found recurrently in human lexicons. In G. J. Boyle, G. Matthews, and D. H. Saklofske(Eds.), The SAGE handbook of personality theory and assessment. Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications.

9　American Psychiatric Association(2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental Disorders(5th ed.).

10　Larsen, R. J., & Buss, D. M.(2014). Personality psychology: Domains of knowledge about human nature(5th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill Education.

11　同上。

12　Blais, M. A., Smallwood, P., Groves, J. E., Rivas—Vazquez, R. A., & Hopwood, C. J.(2016). Personality and personality disorders. In T. A. Stern, M. Fava, T. E. Wilens,& J. F. Rosenbaum(Eds.), Massachusetts General Hospital comprehensive clinical psychiatry. London: Elsevier.

13　Petherick, W., & Sinnamon, G.(2014). Motivations: Offender and victim perspectives. In W. Petherick(Ed.), Profiling and serial crime: Theoretical and practical issues(3rd ed.). Oxford: Anderson publishing.

14　Davey, G.(2014). Psychopathology: Research, assessment and treatment in clinical psychology(2nd ed.). West Sussex: British Psychological Society and John Wiley & Sons.

15　Beck, A. T., Freeman, A., Davis, D. D., & Associates.(2004). Cognitive therapy of personality disorders(2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.

16　Livesley, W. J.(2003). Practical management of personality disorders. New York: Guilford Press.

17　Tyrer, P., Reed, G. M., & Crawford, M. J.(2015). Personality disorder 1: Classification, assessment, prevalence, and effect of personality disorder. The Lancet, 385, 717-726.

18　Gutierrez, F., Vall, G., Peri, J., Bailles, E., Ferraz, L., Garriz, M., & Caseras, X.(2012). Personality disorder features through the life course. Journal of Personality Disorders,26, 763-774.

19　Petherick, W.(2015). Applied Crime Analysis: A social science approach to understanding crime, criminals, and victims. Waltham: Elsevier.

20　同上。

21　Petherick, W., & Sinnamon, G.(2014). Motivations: Offender and victim perspectives.

22　Petherick, W.(2015). Applied Crime Analysis: A social science approach to understanding crime, criminals, and victims.

23　Fazel, S., & Danesh, J.(2002). Serious mental disorder in 23,000 prisoners: A systematic review of 62 surveys. The Lancet, 359, 545-550.

24　Roberts, A. D., & Coid, J. W.(2010). Personality disorder and offending behavior: Findings from the national survey of male prisoners in England and Wales. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 21, 221-237.

25　同上。

26　Robins, L. N.(1978). Study childhood predictors of adult antisocial behavior: Replication from longitudinal studies. Psychological Medicine, 8, 611-622.

27　Hollin, C. R.(2013). Psychology and Crime: An introduction to criminological psychology(2nd ed.). East Sussex: Routledge.

28　Roberts, A. D., & Coid, J. W.(2010). Personality disorder and offending behavior: Findings from the national survey of male prisoners in England and Wales.

29　Hiscoke, U. L., Langstrom, N., Ottosson, H., & Grann, M.(2003). Self—reported personality traits and disorders(DSM—IV)and risk of criminal recidivism: A prospective study. Journal of Personality Disorders, 17, 293-305.

30　Bergvall, A. H., Nilsson, T., & Hansen, S.(2003). Exploring the link between character personality disorder, and neuropsychological function. European Psychiatry, 18(7),334-344.

31　Roberts, A. C., Robbins, T. W., & Weiskrantz, L.(1996). Executive and cognitive functions of the prefrontal cortex. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B,351, 1387-1527; Smith, E. E., & Jonides, J.(1999). Storage and executive processes in the frontal lobes. Science, 283, 1657-1661.

32　Bergvall, A. H., Nilsson, T., & Hansen, S.(2003). Exploring the link between character personality disorder, and neuropsychological function.

33　Tyrer, P., & Johnson, T.(1996). Establishing the severity of personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 153, 1593-1597.

34　Duggan, C.(2005). The treatment of severe personality disorder. Kidlington, Oxford: The Medicine Publishing Company.

35　Bogaerts, S., Spreen, M., Horvath, Z., Polak, M. S., & Cima, M.(2013). Career criminality, childhood experiences, and adult personality among forensic patients in the Netherlands. In J. B. Helfgott(Ed.), Criminal psychology: Typologies, mental disorders, and profiles. California: Praeger.

36　Bijttebier, P., & Vertommen, H.(1999). Coping strategies in relation to personality disorders. Personality and Individual Differences, 26, 847-856.

37　Ireland, J. L., Brown, S. L., & Ballarini, S.(2006). Maladaptive personality traits,coping styles and psychological distress: A study of adult male prisoners. Personality and Individual Differences, 41, 561-573.

38　Bogaerts, S., Spreen, M., Horvath, Z., Polak, M. S., & Cima, M.(2013). Career criminality, childhood experiences, and adult personality among forensic patients in the Netherlands.

39　同上。

40　Blair, R. J. R.(1999). Responsiveness to distress cues in the child with psychopathic tendencies. Personality and Individual Differences, 27, 135-145.