1.許國雙，吳鏑.尿酸與腎臟.西安：第四軍醫(yī)大學(xué)出版社，2008：24-217.

2. McQueen FM，Chhana A，Dalbeth N.Mechanisms of joint damage in gout：evidence from cellular and imaging studies.Nat Rev Rheumatol，2012，8（3）：173-181.

3. Han SY，Lee NK，Kim KH，et al.Transcriptional induction of cyclooxygenase-2 in osteoclast precursors is involved in RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Blood，2005，106：1240-1245.

4. Zwerina J，Redlich K，Polzer K，et al.TNF-induced structural joint damage is mediated by IL-1.Proc.Natl Acad Sci USA，2007，104：11742-11747.

5. Kim JH，Jin HM，Kim K，et al.The mechanism of osteoclast differentiation induced by IL-1. J Immunol，2009，183：1862-1870.

6. Boyce BF，Xing L.Biology of RANK，RANKL，and osteoprotegerin.Arthritis Res Ther，2007，9（Suppl 1）：S1.

7. Horowitz MC，Xi Y，Wilson K，et al.Control of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption by members of the TNF family of receptors and ligands. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev，2001，12（1）：9-18.

8. Dalbeth N，Smith T，Nicolson B，et al.Enhanced osteoclastogenesis in patients with tophaceous gout：urate crystals promote osteoclast development through interactions with stromal cells.Arthritis Rheum，2008，58：1854-1865.

9. Denoble AE，Huffman KM，Stabler TV，et al.Uric acid is a danger signal of increasing risk for osteoarthritis through inflammasome activation.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA，2011，108：2088-2093.

10. Sánchez-Lozada LG，Tapia E，Santamaría J，et al.Mild hyperuricemia induces vasoconstriction and maintains glomerular hypertension in normal and remnant kidney rats. Kidney Int，2005，67：237-247.

11. Mazzali M，Kanellis J，Han L，et al. Hyperuricemia induces a primary renal arteriolopathy in rats by a blood pressure-independent mechanism. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol，2002，282：991-997.

12. Kang DH，Nakagawa T.Uric acid and chronic renal disease：possible implication of hyperuricemia on progression of renal disease.Semin Nephrol，2005，25：43-49.

13. Xu GS，Wu D，Chen XM，et al.Generation of mouse antihuman urate anion exchanger antibody by genetic immunization and its identification. Chin Med J，2005，118：627-632.

14.吳鏑，張萍，陳香美，等.人腎尿酸轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白1基因克隆、抗體制備及其在腎小管上皮細(xì)胞中的定位.解放軍醫(yī)學(xué)雜志，2005，30：397-400.

15. Xu GS，Wu D，Chen XM，et al.Development of high-specificity antibodies against renal urate transporters using genetic immunization.J Biochem Mol Biol，2006，39（6）：696-702.

16. Xu GS，Wu D，Chen X，et al.Aldosterone-induced upregulation of urate transporter 1 may be responsible for hyperuricemia.Endocrine，2007，13：145（abstract）.

17. Schlesinger N.Diagnosis of gout：clinical，laboratory，and radiologic findings.Am J Manag Care，2005，11（15 Suppl）：S443-50.

18. Perez-Ruiz F，Dalbeth N，Urresola A，et al. Imaging of gout：findings and utility. Arthritis Res Ther，2009，11 （3）：232.

19. Rettenbacher T，Ennemoser S，Weirich H，et al.Diagnostic imaging of gout：comparison of high-resolution US versus conventional X-ray.Eur Radiol，2008，18：621-630.

20. Paparo F，Zampogna G，F(xiàn)abbro E，et al.Imaging of tophi with an extremity-dedicated MRI system.Clin Exp Rheumatol，2011，29：519-526.

21. Perez-Ruiz F，Martin I，Canteli B.Ultrasonographic measurement of tophi as an outcome measure for chronic gout. J Rheumatol，2007，34：1888-1893.

22. Ruoff G.The Treatment of Gout.J Family practice，2012，61（6）：S11-S15.

23.李宏超，伍滬生.痛風(fēng)和新型降尿酸藥：非布索坦.臨床藥物治療雜志，2012，10（1）：52-55，62.

24. Garay RP，El-Gewely MR，Labaune JP，et al.Therapeutic perspectives on uricases for gout.Joint Bone Spine，2012，79（3）：237-242.

25. Sundy JS.Progress in the pharmacotherapy of gout.Curr Opin Rheumatol，2010，22（2）：188-193.

26. Terkeltaub R.Update on gout：new therapeutic strategies and options.Nat Rev Rheumatol，2010，6（1）：30-38.

27. Singh JA.Emerging therapies for gout.Expert Opin Emerg Drugs，2012，17（4）：511-518.

28. Harrold L.New developments in gout.Curr Opin Rheumatol，2013，25（3）：304-309.

29. Crittenden DB，Pillinger MH.New therapies for gout.Annu Rev Med，2013，64：325-337.

30. Schlesinger N.Treatment of chronic gouty arthritis：it is not just about urate-lowering therapy. Semin Arthritis Rheum，2012，42（2）：155-165.

31. Curiel RV，Guzman NJ. Challenges associated with the management of gouty arthritis in patients with chronic kidney disease：a systematic review. Semin Arthritis Rheum，2012，42（2）：166-178.

32. Johnson RJ，Nakagawa T，Jalal D，et al. Uric acid and chronic kidney disease：which is chasing which？Nephrol Dial Transplant，2013，28（9）：2221-2228.

33. Harrold L.New developments in gout.Curr Opin Rheumatol，2013，25（3）：304-309.