話語何以重要？——話語性制度主義之政策分析

【摘要】 新制度主義的理性選擇、歷史、社會學（組織）等范式，分別根據固定偏好、路徑依賴及文化規范等核心概念，解釋制度影響人類行為的機制。然而，偏重結構主義的思路，更適合解釋靜態的外部制約，而不易分析行動者的自發行動與主動對應制度環境之策略選擇。此等論證困局引發新制度主義學者的辯論與反思，逐漸形成以理念效力為核心的話語性制度主義。該范式融匯語言學、詮釋學、結構主義人類學與社會批判理論，旨在分析不同話語及其互動中所呈現的政策過程：行動者依循“溝通邏輯”，于制度環境中進行理念闡聯、話語形成與制度化，及至促成制度變遷。本文借由解析“話語性制度主義”發展脈絡及研究途徑，探討此論之政策分析觀點，及其如何裨益我國政策科學之問題取向與本土化。

【關鍵詞】 話語性制度主義 理念效力 話語分析 政策變遷

Making use of the core concepts of fixed preference, path dependence and cultural norms, the paradigms of new institutionalism, such as rational choice, history and sociology （organization）, attempt to explain the mechanism which affects human behavior. However, the emphasis on structuralism is more suitable to explain the static external constraints, and it is difficult to analyze the spontaneous action of the actors and the strategic choice of the active corresponding system environment. These difficulties lead to the debate and reflection of the neo-institutional scholars, and gradually form the discursive institutionalism（DI）, which based on the effectiveness of ideas. The DI paradigm integrates linguistics, hermeneutics, structural anthropology and social critical theory, and aims to analyze the policy process formed by different discourses and their interactions, In this process, the agents, following the “logic of communication logic” and within the institutional environment, conduct ideational articulation, discursive formation and institutionalization to promote institutional changes. By analyzing the context of DI development and its research approach, this paper aims to explore the policy analysis viewpoints of DI, and discuss how DI benefits the problem orientation and localization of the policy science in our country.

Key　words Discursive Institutionalism, Ideational Forces, Discursive Analysis, Policy Change