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西方福利國(guó)家理論——研究傳統(tǒng)及新取向注3

呂普生 呂 忠 注4


【摘要】 工業(yè)主義邏輯、權(quán)力資源模型以及國(guó)家中心主義進(jìn)路,奠定了西方學(xué)界研究福利國(guó)家興起、演變問(wèn)題的主要理論傳統(tǒng)。工業(yè)主義邏輯強(qiáng)調(diào)了經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展對(duì)福利國(guó)家成長(zhǎng)的約束性作用,權(quán)力資源模型關(guān)注到了階級(jí)、工會(huì)和左翼政黨等政治因素在其中扮演的關(guān)鍵性角色,國(guó)家中心主義進(jìn)路分析了國(guó)家制度結(jié)構(gòu)、政策遺產(chǎn)和制度變化時(shí)序的歷史性影響。隨著全球化進(jìn)程加速以及經(jīng)濟(jì)形態(tài)的演化更新,以往更多聚焦西方國(guó)家、國(guó)內(nèi)階級(jí)政治議題的理論進(jìn)路,逐漸轉(zhuǎn)向一種融合視角,涵蓋經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化、后工業(yè)主義和女權(quán)主義等內(nèi)容。非西方世界的福利國(guó)家發(fā)展動(dòng)態(tài)也更多地受到西方學(xué)界的關(guān)注,在一定程度上打破了福利國(guó)家研究中的西方中心主義。在21世紀(jì)初期的全球金融危機(jī)、歐債危機(jī)和難民危機(jī)背景下,考慮到現(xiàn)有理論在分析福利制度的國(guó)別差異、福利制度改革的政治約束、經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)新挑戰(zhàn)等方面的局限性,福利國(guó)家理論研究仍存在較大的深化空間,未來(lái)需要切實(shí)加強(qiáng)理論對(duì)話,著力探討后危機(jī)時(shí)代福利制度面臨的新挑戰(zhàn),尤其是要加強(qiáng)跨國(guó)福利制度比較研究,深入分析福利制度改革面臨的政治約束及其應(yīng)對(duì)方案。

【關(guān)鍵詞】 福利國(guó)家 工業(yè)主義邏輯 權(quán)力資源模型 國(guó)家中心主義進(jìn)路

Theoretical Studies of the Welfare State in the West:Research Tradition and New Direction
Pusheng Lv Zhong Lv

Abstract The logic of industrialism, power resource model and polity-centered approach lay the tradition of western research of welfare state. The logic of industrialism highlights the restriction effects of economic growth on the development of welfare state, and power resource model focuses on the key roles of class, trade unions and left-wing political parties and polity-centered approach emphasizes the influences of state institutions structure, policy legacy and historical variations in state structure. Following the acceleration of globalization and the evolution of the economics, the approach oriented towards western countries, inner class politics, is turning to a comprehensive perspective, which is composed of the views of economic globalization, post industrialism and feminist critics. The image of welfare state of non-Western world has drawn more attention, breaking up the Western Centrism in the research of welfare state. Under the background of global financial crisis, European debt crisis and the refugee crisis in the new century, considering the limits of existing theory in analyzing the distinction between different countries, the constraints of welfare state reforming and the new challenges of society, the theories of welfare state still have much space to deepen in the future. We should strengthen the conversation over different theories, especially in the comparative research of multinational welfare system, and analyze the political restraints on the welfare state reformation and its solutions.

Key words Welfare State, Logic of Industrialism, Power Resource Model, Polity-centered Approach

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