第2章　確定詞義，表達得體

一、翻譯下列各句，特別注意對斜體部分的確切理解與表達

1That’s all Greek to me.

【答案】我對這個一竅不通。

2If you see any green in his eye, you are wrong.

【答案】如果你認為他幼稚的話，那你就錯了。

3He was up to his neck in debt.

【答案】他負債累累。

4The enemy troops fled in disorder.

【答案】敵軍狼奔豕突。

5Chairman Mao’s mind swept easily over the whole world, including many lands and epochs.

【答案】毛主席縱覽全球，古今中外，了如指掌。

6The naughty boy was upsetting the other children, so I showed him the door.

【答案】那個淘氣的孩子騷擾到別的孩子，所以我就把他趕出去了。

7Those persons huff and puff, complain, warn, bluster—and no one seems to pay attention.

【答案】那些人怒氣沖沖，牢騷滿腹，又是警告，又是大喊大叫，可是誰也不予理睬。

8You have my sympathy.

【答案】我同情你。

9A great elation overcomes them.

【答案】他們欣喜若狂。

10March, 1913 found me working in a small constructional firm.

【答案】1913年3月的時候我在一家小型建筑公司工作。

11All our sympathies are with you.

【答案】我們很同情你。

12Washington in that time was a place for Movement people to come for money, not marches.

【答案】當時華盛頓是人們賺錢的地方，而并非是游行的地方。

13I am not a smoker.

【答案】我不抽煙。

14A ring road lies on the site of an old town wall which has been removed.

【答案】舊的城墻已經拆除，原來的墻址上修建了一條環城馬路。

15The Security Council has been seized of the question since December 1963.

【答案】安理會從1963年12月開始受理這個問題。

16Today I welcome the opportunity of exchanging views with the leaders of the Chinese Government about the world scene.

【答案】今天我很高興有機會同中國政府的領導人就世界形勢交換看法。

17Stop selling me to him.

【答案】別在他面前替我說好話。

18He sees the book my way ... Even if mine doesn’t sell his sure will.

【答案】對于這部分，他的看法同我一樣。即使我的意見難以為人接受，他的意見必能服人。

19Did you at least total the guy that hit you?

【答案】對于那個揍你的家伙，你至少向他報復了吧？

20Nyaungu was actually the boundary between the two Japanese divisions.

【答案】良宇實際上是日軍兩個師的結合部。

21I’m up to my neck in your bullshit.

【答案】你讓我真他媽的倒霉透頂了。

22“I kept it from her after I heard on it,” said Mr. Peggotty, “going on nigh a year. We was living then in a solitary place, but among the beautifulest trees, and with the roses a-covering our Bein’ to the roof...”

【答案】

譯文一：“我聽到了那消息以后，”辟果提先生說道，“瞞了她差不多一年。我們當時住在一個僻靜的地方，周圍有十分美麗的樹，屋頂上有薔薇花……”

譯文二：“起那時俺聽了消息后，”辟果提先生說道，“瞞了她快一年了。俺們那時呆的地方挺背，前后八方樹林子說不出的最漂亮，屋頂盡是薔薇花……”

23Suddenly the line went limp. “I’m going back,” said Kurth. “We must have a break somewhere. Wait for me.  I’ll be back in five minutes.”

【答案】電線突然耷拉了下來。庫爾斯說：“我回去看看。一定是哪個地方斷了。稍等，我五分鐘就回來。”

24John can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the game.

【答案】約翰為人可靠。他既誠實又正直。

25She didn’t like him much, but if she went out with him, it’d be one in the eye for Kath.

【答案】凱絲很不喜歡他。如果有一天她和他約會了，那對凱絲來說簡直是侮辱。

26He was regarded by all good wives far and near as a hero.

【答案】遠近的家庭主婦們把他看作英雄。

27Robin Hood and his merry men hated the rich and helped the poor.

【答案】羅賓漢和他的伙伴們痛恨闊人，并幫助窮人。

28There’s no pot so ugly it can’t find a lid.

【答案】丑女不愁嫁。

29Didn’t she swear she’d never again believe anything in trousers?

【答案】她不是發誓從此以后再也不相信男人了嗎？

30SS guards then shoved each prisoner in the direction the doctor had indicated.

【答案】希特勒的黨衛軍按醫生所指的方向把犯人推出去。

二、翻譯下列短語和句子，注意一語多譯或多語同譯

1① a broken man

② a broken soldier

③ broken money

【答案】

①亡命之徒/絕望的人/心碎的人/潦倒的人

②一個殘廢軍人

③零錢

2①We can make out the meaning of the word from the context.

②We should settle the disputes in the context of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.

③It is in this context that the tragedy of Sahara was born.

④We must operate within the context of the general guide lines.

⑤In this context, I’ve to call your attention to the fact that the peaceful trend in the Indo-China Peninsula is essential to peace in the world.

【答案】

①我們可以從上下文判斷出這個單詞的意思

②我們應當在和平共處五項原則的基礎上解決這些爭端。

③撒哈拉的悲劇正是在這種情況下發生的。

④我們必須按照奧林匹克精神辦事。

⑤就此而論，我不得不提醒大家這樣一個事實，印度支那半島局勢的穩定對世界和平來說是至關重要的。

3①Soames shook her hand and went downstairs.

②He never read a book in his life and wrote a schoolboy hand.

③It would be like trying to make the hands of a clock move backwards.

④Mr. Hunter suddenly failed and all hands in the factory were turned off.

【答案】

①索姆斯跟她握一下手，就下樓了。

②他一輩子沒讀過書，所以寫的字像小學生似的。

③這無異是想使時鐘倒轉。

④亨特先生突然破產了，工廠所有的職工都被解雇了。

4①It was a good dinner.

②Our Party secretary proved to be a very good listener.

③The captain of the jet came back, saluted and, in very good English said to the President, “To Cairo, sir?”

④He (Dulles) was told, when complaining that he could not follow Nasser’s moves, that Nasser was a good chess player.

⑤They are really good Christians, good parents, children, wives or husbands.

【答案】

①這是一個豐盛的宴會。

②我們的黨支書善于聽取群眾的意見。

③噴氣機機長走過來，敬了禮，用非常漂亮的英語問總統：“先生，去開羅嗎？”

④有一次，當他抱怨納塞爾棋步難以琢磨時，有人對他說，納塞爾是個高明的棋手。

⑤他們是虔誠的教徒、慈愛的父母、孝順的兒女、賢良的妻子、盡職 的丈夫。

5①We are neither making an apology nor expressing glee.

②He knows of course their triumphant proclamation by the Bonapartist generals themselves.

③He exults in the important part he plays and the noise he makes in the world!

④It was obvious that the American was backing down. Eden was beside himself with fury. And Nasser rode high.

【答案】

①我們既不向誰表示歉意，也不洋洋得意。

②他當然知道波拿馬的將軍們洋洋自得地宣布的種種暴行。

③他對自己所起的重要作用以及在全世界制造的喧囂洋洋得意。

④很明顯，美國在打退堂鼓。艾登氣得不得了，而納賽爾則洋洋得意。

三、翻譯下列句子，注意詞義的褒貶

1①They incited him to go into further investigation.

②The plotters incited the soldiers to rise against their officers.

【答案】

①他們鼓勵他再做進一步的調查。

②密謀者煽動士兵反對他們的軍官。

2①This general has the reputation of being courageous.

②He was an honest man, but unfortunately he had a certain reputation.

【答案】

①這位將軍以勇敢聞名。

②他是個正直的人，但不幸的是他有個不好的名聲。

3①French, German, Spanish workmen! Let our voice unite in one cry of reprobation against war!

②It is known, how in the day of June 1848, the “men of order” shook Europe with the cry of indignation against the Insurgent because of the assassination of the Arch-bishop of Paris.

【答案】

①法國、德國、西班牙的工人們,把我們的呼聲聯合成為反對戰爭的怒吼吧！

②人們都知道，在1848年6月的日子里，“秩序人物”怎樣就巴黎大主教被殺事件掀起震蕩全歐洲反對起義者的憤怒叫囂。

4Many of the old Orleanist stagers had merged into the Bonapartist Lot.

【答案】很多奧爾良的老角色也與波拿巴派同流合污了。

5In our Second Address on the war, five days after the advent of those men, we told you what they were.

【答案】在這伙人上臺五天后，我們在關于前次戰爭的第二篇宣言中已經向你們說明他們是什么貨色了。

6In reality, he put down the revolution at Lyons and Marseilles in the name of the Republic, while the roars of his Rurals drowned the very mention of its name at Versailles.

【答案】實際上他用共和國的名義鎮壓了里昂和馬賽的革命，而他的“地主議員們”在凡爾賽只要一聽到“共和國”這個詞就狂吠起來。

7But it would be ludicrous today to attempt recounting the merely preliminary atrocities committed by the bombardiers of Paris and the fomenters of a slave holders’ rebellion protected by foreign invasion.

【答案】但是今天要試圖一一列舉出那些轟擊巴黎，在外國侵略者的卵翼下發起奴隸主叛亂的人們的暴行（而這些暴行僅僅是開始），那就太可笑了。

四、在下列句子或段落的翻譯中注意選詞用字

1①The people the world over hope to enjoy a lasting peace.

②Their journey left a lasting imprint on Mexican culture, on the refinement of its arts and customs.

【答案】

①全世界人民都希望享受永久和平。

②這一航行在墨西哥的文化中，在它的藝術和風俗改進中，留下了不可磨滅的印記。

2Many prominent journalists besiege his door, seeking audience with him and President Bush.

【答案】許多知名記者競相登門求見, 并要求他引見布什總統。

3We would like to build a colour blind society where all men can have equal opportunity.

【答案】我們愿意建立一個機會均等、不因膚色不同而產生種族歧視的社會。

4Alas, an examination of the international situation does not warrant optimism.

【答案】可惜的是，國際形勢看來并不使人樂觀。

5Arabs rub shoulders with Jews, and have been doing so from the earliest settlement of the territories.

【答案】阿拉伯人和以色列人生活在一起，而且從這些地區最初有人居住的時候就一種如此。

6He once again imparted to us his great knowledge, experience and wisdom.

【答案】我們又一次領教了他淵博的知識、豐富的經驗和無窮的智慧。

7But Egypt was recovering herself, drawing lessons both from her own mistakes and from her enemies.

【答案】埃及正在恢復自己的本來面目，她既從自己的錯誤中吸取教訓，又從自己的敵人那里得到借鑒。

8Nuclear energy is stored in the nucleus of an atom and can be released through fission, fusion, or radioactivity.

【答案】原子能儲存在原子核，可通過裂變、聚變或放射釋放出來。

Traffic Regulations and Driving Habits in Some European Countries

In Austria, a first aid kit is compulsory. Driving licenses will be confiscated for an alcohol offence.

In Belgium traffic from the right has the right of way.  If you are involved in an accident you must stay at the scene until the police allow you to leave.

In France, seat belts are compulsory outside built-up areas.

In Holland, seat belts are compulsory for drivers and front seat passengers unless they are under 1.6 metres tall.

In Italy, penalties are heavy for drunken drivers. Sometimes they can be put in prison for up to six months. Translation of driver’s license is essential.

In Germany，parking facing the oncoming traffic is forbidden.

【譯文】

某些歐洲國家的交通規則和駕駛習慣

在奧地利，車上必備急救藥箱。司機要是喝了酒，其執照必須吊銷。

在比利時，右邊來的車有優先行使權。如果你與事故有關，必須留在現場，直到警察允許才能離開。

在法國，車出建筑物多的地方之后必須系上安全帶。

在荷蘭，身高過1.6米者，開車或與司機坐同一排時一定要系安全帶。

在意大利，司機醉酒必受嚴懲，有時得坐牢半年。吊銷執照是必不可少的。

在德國，禁止對著車停車。

五、注意下面漢譯英中的措詞

1那地方是塊肥肉，誰都想吃。

【答案】That place is an attractive piece of meat coveted by all.

2只有武器而沒有使用它們的人，武器是空的。

【答案】Weapons are of no avail without the people who use them.

3飲水不忘挖井人。

【答案】When drinking from a well, one must not forget those who dug it.

4現在有許多人在提倡民族化、科學化和大眾化。

【答案】Many people nowadays are calling for a transformation to a national, scientific and mass style.

5“所謂’賢者’，就是要顧大局，識大體，抓大事。”

【答案】“A ‘wise man’ is one who bears the overall situation in mind, puts the general interest above all and grasp the major issues.”

6我們要進行有理、有利、有節的斗爭。

【答案】We should wage struggles “on just grounds”, “to our advantage” and “with restraint”.