四、練習答案

Text I

Text Comprehension

I. Decide which of the following best states the author’s purpose of writing.

B.

II. Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false.

1．T

2．F

3．T

4．T

5．T

III. Answer the following questions.

1．“snail mail”.

2．“an essential stepping stone on the road to success”.

3．“the profound relationship between language and culture that lies at the heart of society”.

4．“the means to shape our views of the world”.

5．“to negotiate the boundaries between languages and to compromise in translation”.

6．“to use linguistic skills, to think differently, to enter into another culture’s mentality and to shape language accordingly”.

IV. Explain in your own words the following sentences.

1．with convenient ways to reach any part of the world.

2．It seems that everyone is able to always get in touch with anyone else if he or she can afford to.

3．is the most important to society.

4．a fundamental skill in today’s world, where different cultures interact.

5．are finding ways to interrelate different cultures.

Structural analysis of the text

1．The last sentence of the 3rd paragraph: “Most fundamental is the profound relationship between language and culture that lies at the heart of society and one that we overlook at our peril.”

2．Paragraph 4: The lack of an exact counterpart of the English word “homesickness” in other languages such as Italian, Portuguese, and German.

Paragraph 5: The problem of untranslatability which the early Bible translators encountered.

Paragraph 6: English and Welsh speakers make adjustments regarding the color spectrum in the grey / green / blue / brown range; The word “democracy” means completely different things in different contexts; the flat breads of Central Asia are a long way away from Mother’s Pride white sliced toasties, yet the word “bread” has to serve for both.

Vocabulary

I. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.

1．as long as

2．no matter

3．fail to notice at great risk

4．may be described by these words to varying degrees

5．were directly confronted with the problem that something in one language cannot be rendered into another

II. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form.

III. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.

IV. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part in each sentence without changing its original meaning.

1．D

2．C

3．A

4．D

5．B

6．A

7．B

8．C

V. Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.

VI. Write in each space one word that has the same prefix as underlined in the given word.

Grammar

I. Complete the following sentences with the correct verb forms.

II. Correct the errors, where found, in the following sentences.

1．Smith passes the ball to Brown, and Brown shoots, and it’s a goal!

2．Right.

3．Why are you crying? Is something wrong?

4．Right.

5．I know Adam well. I’ll introduce you to him.

6．I gather Peter’s looking for a job.

7．Don’t rush me. I am working as fast as I can.

8．Paul, why are you sneezing? Are you getting sick?

III. Complete the following letter with the simple present or the present progressive（active or passive）.

thank, are dispatching, regret, have, are contacting, hear, enclose / are enclosing,

decide, have, are listed, regret, hope, enclose / are enclosing

IV. Compare the italicized parts in each group and tell the difference.

V. Rewrite the following descriptions putting the adjectives in the correct order.

1．a large pair of red woolen socks

2．a powerful new white German car

3．a small grey rectangular Japanese radio

4．a big modern concrete office building

5．a medium size French stainless steel saucepan

6．a superb medieval rose-shaped stained-glass window

7．a prominent red triangular road sign

8．a tiny black and white Chinese dog

VI. Make sentences of your own after the sentence given below, keeping the part in italics in Your sentences.

Additional example:

This school is an ideal place for English studies, given that there is a very favorable atmosphere for second language acquisition.

Translation

I. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.

1．因此，你也許會問，為什么還有人會對這些絕妙的發展顧慮重重？為什么英語成為世界語言會讓一部分人惴惴不安？

2．不同的文化并不僅僅是給世界貼上不同標簽的人群；語言給了我們塑造世界觀的工具，而語言又是不一樣的。

3．當千百萬人在學習文化溝通的時候，英語國家卻越來越沾沾自喜，以為懂得英語就足夠了，因而削減了外語課程。

4．最能推動這一進程的不一定是那些掌握了最新技術、擁有最先進手機的人，而是那些能夠理解眾多不同語言的言內之意、言下之意以及言外之意的人。

II. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and phrases given in brackets.

1．Children may swim here provided that they are accompanied by adults.

2．This American journalist made a fool of himself over his remarks about China, because he’s been out of touch with what’s been happening in the country in the past three decades.

3．Every person has the right to education, regardless of his or her family background, sex and age.

4．The invention of the Internet, despite the fact that it has given rise to some problems, has greatly facilitated almost every aspect of our life, including education, medicine, and business.

5．Never overlook your travel insurance when you are planning to spend your holiday abroad; otherwise you might find yourself in great trouble if any accident should occur.

6．In the movie that billionaire was faced with a dilemma—either divorces his wife, who would then carve out half of his financial empire, or murders her at the risk of being found out by the police.

7．As the husband lost his job in the financial crisis, the new couple had to cut down on a lot of things—furniture, clothes, records, books, and so on.

8．Over thirty years ago, right after the Cultural Revolution, Deng Xiaoping told the people that the only way out lay in reform and opening up to the outside world.

Exercises for integrated skills

I. Dictation

The main reason for the widespread demand for English / is its present-day importance as a world language. / Besides serving the infinite needs of its native speakers, / English is a language / in which some of the most important works in science, technology, and other fields are being produced, / and not always by native speakers. / It is a language of wider communication for a number of developing countries, / especially former British colonies. / Many of these countries have multi-lingual populations / and need a language for internal communication / in such matters as government, commerce, industry, law and education / as well as for international communication / and for access to the scientific and technological developments in the West.

II. Fill in each blank in the passage below with 0NE word you think appropriate.

Listening

A. Pre-listening discussion

Open to discussion

Transcript

Taking Time Off

Host: Chris, you’re on the line, I gather, From La Mesa, California.

Chris: Yes, I am.

Host: Hi.

Chris: If I were to take time off — I’m actually an eighth-grade student in Montgomery Mills School — I would take time off from school and bike all the way around the world in a chance to see different cultures and get an exposure, to be able to come back where I live and be able to tell people how different — be able to compare all the different cultures to the United States’ culture.

Host: How would you get across the ocean?

Chris: Well, I would probably fly across or take a boat across, and then I would travel between the continents on a boat, and then once I got to the land, I would bike or ride across.

Host: You like biking, I assume.

Chris: Yes.

Host: You don’t think it would be very, very tiring and wearing or it would take a long time?

Chris: No, as long as I got enough sleep and food and water, I think I’d be pretty much all right. Of course, it would be a chance to gain some muscle.

Host: Yeah, I should say, because if you biked all the way around the world — you’re starting out in the eighth grade — it could be time for college by the time you finished this bike trip. It’s a long way.

Chris: Well, yeah.

Host: That doesn’t scare you off?

Chris: No, it doesn’t, because I’d like — in the process, I’d be learning a lot of things going to different countries. I’d be learning about their cultures, so it wouldn’t be just — I’d be learning while having fun.

Host: Hear, hear! Would you take anybody along with you?

Chris: I’d probably want to do it by myself and then tell people about it when I came back. And then ...

Host: I’m sorry. I missed what you said just a moment ago.

Chris: And tell people about what it was like and encourage them to do things like that, or if they can, take time off and get a chance to see the rest of the world.

Host: Well, of course, that sounds like a great idea, and thank you very much for calling and telling us about it. Thank you.

Chris: Bye, bye.

Host: That was Chris, who’s in eighth grade in La Mesa, California. I’m Robert Siegel, and this is Talk of the Nation.

B. Listen to Robert’s radio conversation with Chris carefully. After that you will hear eight statements. Decide whether the statements are true or false.

1．Chris lives in Chicago.

2．Chris is not a college student.

3．He wants to travel so he can earn a lot of money.

4．He likes to ride his bicycle.

5．He is not interested in learning about other cultures.

6．He would like to make this trip with his father and a friend.

7．Chris wants to travel around the world on his bicycle.

8．Sleep, food and water are the three things that Chris could not do without.

C. Listen again. Underline the word or phrase in each set of brackets that gives the correct information according to the conversation.

Chris, who is about（nine, fourteen, twenty）years old, says that if he（had a lot of money, took time off, were older than he is）, he would bike（across the ocean, only in Asia, on several continents）.

Chris likes this idea for two or three reasons. One reason he gives is that by biking, he could （10se weight, develop his body and strength, gain weight）. Another reason he gives is that in making this trip, he would（1earn interesting things, be away from his parents, see beautiful places）.

He says that if he went on the trip, he would go（by himself, with his best friend, with several people）, and when he returned, he would（sleep for a week, run a marathon, encourage others to make a similar trip）.

Text II

Questions for discussion

1．Changes in your body position and movements show that what you are feeling or thinking.

2．Three-quarters of the social meaning of a typical two-person exchange is carried by nonverbal cues.

3．All of us communicate with one another nonverbally, as well as with words. Most of the time we are not aware that we are doing it. Body language provides evidence about how the human mind processes information.

4．People feel safer behind some kind of physical barrier. If a social situation is in any way threatening, then there is an immediate urge to set up such a barricade.

5．When two people look searchingly into each other’s eyes, emotions are heightened and the relationship becomes more intimate. Therefore, we carefully avoid this, except in appropriate circumstances.

6．The author looks for patterns in the context, not for an isolated meaningful gesture. Besides, there are several possible interpretations for a single gesture. For example, when a student in conversation with a professor holds the older man’s eyes a little longer than is usual, it can be a sign of respect and affection rather than a sign of love.

7．Nonverbal signals differ from culture to culture at least as much as one language differs from another, and so we need to realize that knowledge of a foreign language is incomplete unless it extends to the nonverbal signals.

8．Omitted.