Abstract

In the nearly thirty years, with the rise of some emerging large countries, the world economy structure re-adjusted. With the natural resources consumption increasing rapidly and the price of international resources fluctuating violently, the international trade order has been repeatedly undermined because more and more frictions and disputes on natural resources between countries. For sufficient natural resources not only can meet the needs of the development of an agricultural society but also guarantee the continuous industrialization of a country, even to play an important role in international trade negotiations. Politicians and economists have rekindled an unusual adoration of natural resources. Large countries have abundant natural resources in variety and quantity, which provides a good initial condition to develop sustainable economic and to establish a complete industrial system. However, a large number of researches show the complex that the relationship among the abundance of natural resources and industrial development and economic development. For example, some small countries with abundant natural resources, such as Nigeria and Congo, developing very slow economic growth, while large ones such as the United States and Australia, are developing very quickly. To China, which has entered a new developing era and stage, resources and environmental factors have become the “hard constraint” to develop economy, so it will directly affect China's industrial security and economic security, and even affect the sustainable development of the whole economic society, what the availability and utilization methods of natural resources, the strategy of industrial development. So we have to rethink the specific methods and ways of take advantage of all these.

This book takes the large country as the research object, relying on the advantages of natural resources, studying on which impacting on a country's industrial formation, industrial layout, industrial structure, industrial competitiveness, industrial adjustment and upgrading, and seeks ideas, strategies and specific policies suitable for the development of a large country's industry. In theory, the research which based on Solow model, starting from the scarcity of natural resources. This research reconstructs the analytical framework including natural resources, and constraints of natural resources on economic development. In empirical research, firstly, the research defines large country objectively, combining with previous studies, summarizes the advantages which large countries having, and analyzing its impact on industrial development and path and mechanism for economic growth. Then, a series of empirical studies are carried out. Specifically, it includes verifying the relationship between natural resource advantages and economic growth of large countries, the relationship between industrial structure changes and economic growth of large countries, calculating the fluctuation of international equilibrium price of natural resources from the perspective of demand, the relationship between natural resource abundance and industrialization quality of large countries, and analyzing tariff barriers, pricing behavior and trade strategies in foreign trade of natural resources.

Some important conclusions and policy recommendations are drawn through intensive research. It shows that there are complex relationships among natural resources, industrial development, industrial structure changes and economic growth. From the stage of economic development, the abundance of natural resources will determine the industrial layout and scale of a country at the initial stage of development, and then industrial scale and layout will further affect economic growth, industrial upgrading and change. Meanwhile, Economic growth will in turn affect a country's industrial structure and industrial upgrading. The relationships among these economic variables need to be thoroughly and meticulously analyzed by various methods, and the conclusion can't be given simply and generally. Different countries may have different research results because of their different national conditions by using the same method. Even the same country may have different research results in different periods. As the policy recommendations, despite the universality and particularity among the large countries and the differences in natural resources advantages among them, there may still be a universal criterion for industrial selection and a development strategy. In terms of industrial selection, we believe that the industrial selection strategy of large developing countries which based on natural resource advantages should be a complete industrial selection strategy of the whole industrial chain. It is necessary to build a complete industrial system and industrial categories from the national level and it can be emphasized according to the characteristics of regional factor endowment from the regional level. In terms of industrial layout strategy, large developing countries should choose industrial layout according to their own actual conditions, Balanced and Unbalanced development, Gradient-transfer strategy and Anti-gradient-transfer strategy, Point-axis development strategy and Growth pole strategy are all desirable. In terms of industrial upgrading and structural adjustment, whether upgrading within the industry or optimizing the overall industrial structure, it must rely on technological progress, institutional innovation and upgrading of human capital to achieve the rationalization and upgrading of industrial structure. Industrial restructuring is not only related to a country's natural resources, but also to a country's industrial model, industrial development ideas and national development strategy. In terms of natural resources trade, it should not only base on the beneficial aspects of natural resources trade, but also known the non-renewable nature of natural resources. We should pay more attention to the import rather than export of resources. So we can adopt strategic policies. On the one hand, we should broaden the import natural of resources to ensure the resources access channels security, and to build a sound resource storage system, and to improve bargaining ability in international market relying on the scale advantage. On the other hand, enterprises should be encouraged to save resources, to improve the efficiency of comprehensive utilization of resources and to reduce the intensity of resource consumption per GDP.