Day 3

英文重現

Moreover, there is no guarantee that increased economic growth from ecoefficiency will come in similarly ecoefficient ways, since in today's global markets, greater profits maybe turned into investment capital that could easily be reinvested in old-style eco-inefficient industries.

——GMAT OG 2015, Reading Comprehension, Passage 2

解析

1.“there is no guarantee that”是固定句型，意思是“不能保證……”，“that”從句作“guarantee”的同位語。此處“that increased economic growth from ecoefficiency will come in similarly ecoefficient ways”是“that”引導的同位語從句，對前面的“guarantee”進

行說明；而“since”引導的原因狀語從句中的“that could easily…industries”則是定語從句，修飾前面的“investment capital”。判斷“that”引導的從句是定語從句還是同位語從句，關鍵是看“that”在從句中是否充當成分，如果充當成分，則為定語從句，如果不充當成分，則是同位語從句。“guarantee”后面的“that”從句中，“that”后面為一個完整的句子，所以“that”不充當任何成分，只起連接作用；而“investment capital”后面的“that”從句中，“that”指代“investment capital”，在從句中當主語，所以“that”從句是一個定語從句。

2.“since”引導原因狀語從句，意為“因為；鑒于……”，“since”表示原因時，語氣比“because”稍弱，表示對方已知的、無需加以說明的原因或事實。

3.我們在理解文章時，要盡量從整體著手，對于句子中的個別詞語無需太過糾結，比如“come in similarly ecoefficient ways”中的“come”，不用糾結它是不是翻譯成“來”，可以根據語境來判斷。在這里“come”應該是“發展”的意思，“come in similarly ecoefficient ways”意思就是“以相似的生態有效型方式發展”。事實上，“come”在這里的意思類似于“travel”，比如在“This company has come a long way in the last five years”（最近五年，該公司取得了很大進展）這個句子中，“has come a long way”意思就是“has made a lot of progress”。

詞義辨析

參考翻譯

此外，沒人能保證生態效率帶來的經濟增長會以相似的生態有效型方式發展，因為在現今的全球市場中，更高的利潤可能會被轉化成投資資金，而這些資金輕易地就被再次投入到了老式的非生態有效型工業上。

實戰演練

Ecoefficiency (measures to minimize environmental impact through the reduction or elimination of waste from production processes) has become a goal for companies worldwide, with many realizing significant cost savings from such innovations. Peter Senge and Goran Carstedt see this development as laudable but suggest that simply adopting ecoefficiency innovations could actually worsen environmental stresses in the future. Such innovations reduce production waste but do not alter the number of products manufactured nor the waste generated from their use and discard; indeed, most companies invest in ecoefficiency improvements in order to increase profits and growth. Moreover, there is no guarantee that increased economic growth from ecoefficiency will come in similarly ecoefficient ways, since in today's global markets, greater profits may be turned into investment capital that could easily be reinvested in old-style eco-inefficient industries. Even a vastly more ecoefficient industrial system could, were it to grow much larger, generate more total waste and destroy more habitat and species than would a smaller, less ecoefficient economy…

The passage mentions which of the following as a possible consequence of companies’ realization of greater profits through ecoefficiency?

(A) The companies may be able to sell a greater number of products by lowering prices.

(B) The companies may be better able to attract investment capital in the global market.

(C) The profits may be reinvested to increase economic growth through ecoefficiency.

(D) The profits may be used as investment capital for industries that are not ecoefficient.

(E) The profits may encourage companies to make further innovations in reducing production waste.

答案：D

答案解析

題目問的是“公司通過生態效率獲得更高的利潤后可能會有什么結果”，根據“realization of greater profits through ecoefficiency”的意思定位到原文“Moreover, there is no guarantee that increased economic growth from ecoefficiency will come in similarly ecoefficient ways, since in today's global markets, greater profits may be turned into investment capital that could easily be reinvested in old-style eco-inefficient industries”。從“no guarantee”可以得知“increased economic growth”并不一定會以“ecoefficient”的方式發展，而“since”后的句子指出了利潤很可能被用于“old-style eco-inefficient industries”（注意“eco-inefficient”中的“in-”是表否定的前綴），由此可排除選項C“利潤會被再次投資，以通過生態效率促進經濟增長”。正確選項應該為D“利潤可能會被用作投資資金，投入到非生態有效型工業上”，“used as investment capital”對應文中的“turned into investment capital”，“not ecoefficient”對應文中的“eco-inefficient”。

其他三個選項原文并未提到，意思分別為：

A. 公司或許能夠通過降低價格賣出更多的產品。

B. 公司或許更加能夠在全球市場上吸引投資資本。

E. 利潤或許能鼓勵公司在減少生產廢料方面做出進一步的革新。