Day 2

英文重現(xiàn)

The second explanation for the “confusion effect” has to do with the sensory confusion caused by a large number of prey moving around the predator. Even if the predator makes the decision to attack a particular fish, the movement of other prey in the school can be distracting.

——GMAT OG 2015, Reading Comprehension, Passage 1

解析

1.詞組“have to do with”意為“與……有關(guān)聯(lián)”，在寫作中，我們?cè)陉愂隼碛蓵r(shí)也可以使用這個(gè)表達(dá)，還可以對(duì)詞組進(jìn)行改造，比如改造成“have something/nothing to do with”（“與……有/無(wú)關(guān)聯(lián)”）。

2.“caused by a large number of prey moving around the predator”是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾前面的“sensory confusion”，其中的“moving around the predator”也是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，修飾前面的“a large number of prey”。分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，被修飾的詞即為該分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)，分詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)（現(xiàn)在分詞）或者被動(dòng)（過(guò)去分詞）的關(guān)系。

3.“even if”可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意思是“即使，雖然”。“even though”也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，二者的區(qū)別在于“even if”一般引出的是把握不大或假設(shè)的事情，而“even though”引出的則是事實(shí)。例如：

a. Even if we achieve great success in our work, we should not be proud.

即使我們?cè)诠ぷ髦腥〉昧司薮蟪煽?jī)，我們也不應(yīng)該自滿。（還沒(méi)有取得成績(jī)）

b. Even though he was late, he was not criticized by the teacher.

雖然他遲到了，但他并沒(méi)有受到老師的批評(píng)。（已經(jīng)遲到了）

詞義辨析

參考翻譯

對(duì)“困惑效應(yīng)”的第二種解釋與感官上的困惑有關(guān)，感官上的困惑是由一大群被捕食者圍繞著捕食者游動(dòng)所造成的。即使捕食者決定攻擊某一條魚，魚群中其他被捕食者的運(yùn)動(dòng)也會(huì)分散（捕食者的）注意力。

實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練

Sometimes, proponents argue, predators simply cannot decide which fish to attack. This indecision supposedly results from a predator's preference for striking prey that is distinct from the rest of the school in appearance. In many schools the fish are almost identical in appearance, making it difficult for a predator to select one. The second explanation for the “confusion effect” has to do with the sensory confusion caused by a large number of prey moving around the predator. Even if the predator makes the decision to attack a particular fish, the movement of other prey in the school can be distracting. The predator's difficulty can be compared to that of a tennis player trying to hit a tennis ball when two are approaching simultaneously.

According to the passage, theory B states that which of the following is a factor that enables a schooling fish to escape predators?

(A) The tendency of fish to form compact groups.

(B) The movement of other fish within the school.

(C) The inability of predators to detect schools.

(D) The ability of fish to hide behind one another in a school.

(E) The great speed with which a school can disperse.

答案：B

答案解析

題目問(wèn)的是B理論中的哪一點(diǎn)使得成群游動(dòng)的魚可以避開(kāi)捕食者。解答本題的關(guān)鍵是要看懂文中對(duì)于B理論的介紹“The second explanation for the ‘confusion effect’ has to do with the sensory confusion caused by a large number of prey moving around the predator”，這句話的意思是一大群被掠食者圍繞著捕食者游動(dòng)，從而造成感官上的困惑，使得捕食者分心（the movement of other prey in the school can be distracting），進(jìn)而保護(hù)聚群里的魚。所以，根據(jù)“the movement of other prey”（其他獵物的運(yùn)動(dòng)，此處所說(shuō)的獵物指的就是魚），可以得出選項(xiàng)B“聚群中其他魚的游動(dòng)”是正確的。

其他選項(xiàng)的意思為：

A.魚形成緊密的小組的傾向。

C.捕食者沒(méi)有攻擊聚群的能力。

D.聚群里的魚躲藏在彼此背后的能力。

E.聚群分散的最快速度。