案例分析

PASSAGE EXCERPT:“One of the most puzzling aspects of the paintings is their location. Other rock paintings—for example, those of Bushmen in South Africa—are either located near cave entrances or completely in the open. Cave paintings in France and Spain, however, are in recesses and caverns far removed from original cave entrances.This means that artists were forced to work in cramped spaces and without sources of natural light. It also implies that whoever made them did not want them to be easily found. Since cave dwellers normally lived close to entrances, there must have been some reason why so many generations of Lascaux cave dwellers hid their art.”

Online Test: Lascaux Cave Paintings

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案例一

如果我問A：“嘿，哥們！你身上帶錢了嗎？”他回答說：“哎喲，我今兒沒帶人民幣。”那我聽完之后會是怎樣的感覺呢？“小樣兒，那你是不是帶美元了啊？”

案例二

如果我問B：“哥們，你喜歡汽車嗎？”他回答說：“我不喜歡低檔次的車。”那我就會認為“好吧，你是有錢人，只喜歡高檔次的車。”

案例分析

PASSAGE EXCERPT: “Oil pools are valuable underground accumulations of oil, and oil fields are regions underlain by one or more oil pools. When an oil pool or field has been discovered, wells are drilled into the ground. Permanent towers, called derricks, used to be built to handle the long sections of drilling pipe. Now portable drilling machines are set up and are then dismantled and removed. When the well reaches a pool, oil usually rises up the well because of its density difference with water beneath it or because of the pressure of expanding gas trapped above it. Although this rise of oil is almost always carefully controlled today, spouts of oil, or gushers, were common in the past. Gas pressure gradually dies out, and oil is pumped from the well. Water or steam may be pumped down adjacent wells to help push the oil out. At a refinery, the crude oil from underground is separated into natural gas, gasoline, kerosene, and various oils. Petrochemicals such as dyes, fertilizer, and plastic are also manufactured from the petroleum.”

TPO-4: Petroleum Resources

全文及相應譯文見免費共享資料“黃金閱讀”

Which of the following can be inferred from this paragraph about gushers?

A. They make bringing the oil to the surface easier.

B. They signal the presence of huge oil reserves.

C. They waste more oil than they collect.

D. They are unlikely to occur nowadays.

案例分析

PASSAGE EXCERPT: “The Whigs, in contrast, viewed government power positively. They believed that it should be used to protect individual rights and public liberty, and that it had a special role where individual effort was ineffective. By regulating the economy and competition, the government could ensure equal opportunity. Indeed, for Whigs the concept of government promoting the general welfare went beyond the economy. In particular, Whigs in the northern sections of the United States also believed that government power should be used to foster the moral welfare of the country. They were much more likely to favor social-reform legislation and aid to education.”

OG Practice Test 1: Nineteenth-Century Politics in the United States

全文及相應譯文見免費共享資料“黃金閱讀”

Which of the following can be inferred from this paragraph about variations in political beliefs within the Whig Party?

A. They were focused on issues of public liberty.

B. They caused some members to leave the Whig party.

C. They were unimportant to most Whigs.

D. They reflected regional interests.

題目：

Which would you choose: a high-paying job with long hours that would give you little time with family and friends or a lower-paying job with shorter hours that would give you more time with family and friends? Explain your choice, using specific reasons and details.

TOEFL: 2006.7.29/2007.10.20

文章：

Everyone likes to have good times with family and friends but to make this the most important aspect in one's life is shortsighted and the quality of the “enjoyment” would be less varied and interesting if the job were not high-paying. I would choose a high-paying job with long hours because such a job has much greater long-term benefits for my family, for others and for myself.

In the first place, high pay means that I could provide a better life for my family—a good home, plenty of food, nice clothes, nice birthday presents and money for my children's education. These factors are more important than a few more hours a week to spend with family if it meant, for instance that I could not send my kid to a good school or pay for needed medical treatments. And high pay also means that my wife would not need to work and she could spend more time caring for the children and giving them a good life.

Also, with a good paying job, despite the long hours, I could also be more generous with my friends and with needy people. The guy who has an easy job with lots of free time but little money cannot help himself in a crisis and much less his friends, his family and the needy who enter his life.

Lastly, with a good job, I could save up money for a good retirement and then have lots of leisure time to enjoy a more active social life. And I would also be able to be generous with my grandchildren then. I would be very happy to experience such pleasure.

So, in order to provide a good life for my family, enable my wife to concentrate on the family, have an enjoyable retirement and be a responsible, generous person, I would definitely choose the high-paying long-hour job.

《新托福真題詳解——寫作分卷（第一冊）》

題目：

Some people think they can solve important problems by themselves or with the help of their families, so they do not need help from the government.

文章：

Can we solve significant issues with our own ability? Opinions on this matter vary. Some people think that they can handle important problems by themselves or with the help of their families. Others think that they can by no means deal with all problems. Personally, I stand in line with the latter point of view, as there are many roles of the government that cannot be displaced by any individual.

Firstly, the government constructs infrastructure, such as transportation routes, which is critical for people's convenience. Any civilization cannot last for long without well-developed transportation. The government who has the right to use all sorts of powerful resources such as millions of dollars or the best engineers can manage to build the net of traffic to connect one place to another. This traffic net, ranging from interstate highways to town-to-town airline, guarantees our modern lifestyle for the convenience it offers. From my experience, born in a suburban community, I often recall the memory that my parents drove me to school in the downtown, and this distance took us as long as two hours with the poor road condition. Since the government constructed an express way five years ago, we only need less an hour on this trip.

Secondly, the government provides people with a huge number of public services which they cannot live without，like education, medical treatment, security and so on. The government not only founds hospitals but also runs medical insurance to ensure people's health and medical treatment with less money spent from their own bill.

Thirdly, the government can offer assistance in extreme circumstances, especially when people are stricken by a disaster. There are some significant incidents which we cannot get rid of by ourselves, such as earthquakes, tsunamis or volcano eruptions. One of these tragic events in China in the recent decade is the earthquake in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province in 2008, causing seventy thousand deaths. People who went through this tragedy were aided by the government who helped them to stay safe and healthy, to find their loved ones in rubble, and later to reconstruct their home. Obviously, when people run into some unpredictable and catastrophic happenings, they cannot leave government's help.

With all the reasons and evidences presented above, it is abundantly clear that the government plays an indispensible role in the life of every member of the society. In the face of some difficulties, people are not able to live without the help from the government.

樂聞攜爾學生原作

Can we solve significant issues with our own ability? Opinions on this matter vary. Some people think that they can handle important problems by themselves or with the help of their families. Others think that they can by no means deal with all problems. Personally, I stand in line with the latter point of view, as there are many roles of the government that cannot be displaced by any individual.

Firstly, the government constructs infrastructure, such as transportation routes, which is critical for people's convenience. Any civilization cannot last for long without well-developed transportation. which is critical to the well-being of its people.（突出重要）The government who has the right has the advantage over individuals （突出與個體力量對比的優勢）to use all sorts of powerful resources such as millions of dollars or the best engineers can manage to build the net of traffic to connect one place to another. This traffic net, ranging from interstate highways to town-to-town airline, guarantees our modern lifestyle for the convenience it offers we rely on in modern life.（突出重要） From my experience, born in a suburban community, I often recall the memory that my parents drove me to school in the downtown, and this distance took us as long as two hours with the poor road condition. Since the government constructed an express way five years ago, we only need less an hour on this trip. This immensely improved my family's living standard, considering how much time saved for other meaningful activities.（突出重要）And for sure, we, by ourselves, could never accomplish such a big project.（突出與個體力量對比）

Secondly, the government provides people a huge number of public services which they cannot live without，like education, medical treatment, security and so on. The government not only founds hospitals but also run medical insurance to ensure people's health and medical treatment with less money spent from their own bill. These important services require wide and huge collection of money that few individuals could have the ability or credential to afford.（突出與個體力量對比）

Thirdly, the government can offer assistance in extreme circumstances, especially when people are stricken by a disaster. There are some significant incidents which we cannot get rid of by ourselves, such as earthquakes, tsunamis or, volcano eruptions. One of these tragic events in China in the recent decade is the earthquake in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province in 2008, causing seventy thousand deaths. People who went through this tragedy were aided by the government who helped them to stay safe and healthy, to find their loved ones in rubble, and later to reconstruct their home. Obviously, when people run into some unpredictable and catastrophic happenings, they cannot leave government's help.

With all the reasons and evidences presented above, it is abundantly clear that the government plays an indispensible role in the life of every member of the society. In the face of some difficulties, people are not able to live without the help from the government.

樂聞攜爾學生習作課后修改版本

題目：

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In order to succeed, you should be more like others than be different from everyone else. Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.

文章節選：

Admittedly, being unique risks rejection by those around us. That's why the majority of us tend to follow fashion trend and to listen the advice of others. However, too much imitating and conforming will finally overwhelm us, rendering our mind inept and incapable of independent thinking. To be successful and truly happy, one needs to chart out one's own course through life. Only with such attitude can one chase one's own dream toward success.

樂聞攜爾學生習作課后修改版本

題目：

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Working at home using computers or telephones is better than working in the office. Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.

文章節選：

Admittedly, people tend to be over-relaxed and less efficient when they work at home—no supervision from directors, no pressure from their diligent peers, and in the meantime more possibilities for leisure and entertainment, even the household chores can be distracting. But is this enough to deny working at home? Of course not. We can easily fight this by giving employees clear and exact task descriptions and deadlines and ask them to report their progress from time to time. We may also set some punishment rules for those who cannot finish the tasks well or cannot finish on time. In this way, the efficiency of working at home can be secured and we can better enjoy the benefits it brings.

樂聞攜爾學生習作課后修改版本

題目：

Some people prefer to work with others. Others prefer to work alone. Which way would you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your choice.

TOEFL: 2007.9.15

文章：

While it often depends on the kind of work at hand and the people with whom it must be done, I generally prefer to work alone. This is the nature of the work I like to do: writing, editing, figuring out solutions to issues, solving problems.

Working alone I can concentrate more deeply on the task at hand. I can control the work environment—either total silence or the background music I enjoy, in the most comfortable chair, in the best lighting, with the room temperature set just as I like, and in the most comfortable clothes—everything conducive to getting the work done without distraction, discomfort or interruptions.

When working with others, there tends to be more or less constant chatter and many other miscellaneous distractions—cell phone calls, attacks of coughing and sneezing, someone starts unconsciously humming off key, someone wants to have their special music playing, someone's stomach growls and all have to make their comic comments, someone wants to open or close a window, offers to make coffee or tea, etc. All this makes it difficult to enjoy sustained periods of the quiet needed for deep concentration to get the work done most expeditiously and correctly.

Though working with others provides more or less interesting opportunities for short relaxing breaks and it is good to have another at hand who knows the answer to some questions for which you can get a ready answer rather than having to look it up online or in a book, for the type of work I like to do, these do not outweigh the long, undisturbed periods of fruitful concentration in a comfortable environment possible when working alone.

《新托福真題詳解——寫作分卷（第一冊）》

題目：

In our time, specialists of all kinds are highly over-rated. We need more generalists—people who can provide broad perspectives.

文章節選：

In this era of rapid social and technological change leading to increasing life complexity and psychological displacement, both positive and negative effects among persons in Western society call for a balance in which there are both specialists and generalists.

GRE寫作ISSUE官方給出的6分范文

題目：

Some people think that human needs for farmland, housing, and industry are more important than saving land for endangered animals. Do you agree or disagree with this point of view? Why or why not? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

TOEFL: 2008.3.15

文章：

I do not agree that human needs for land are more important than saving land for endangered animals. In my personal view, both human needs and protecting endangered animals are equally important.

Human needs for land are very important in order to give people good lives and support the development of society. For instance, as the population increases, more homes need to be built and more factories and power stations are required to supply the goods and energy that people need. More farmland is needed to produce food. If we do not convert land use for these purposes, many people will suffer and have bad lives.

On the other hand, saving land to protect endangered animals is also very important, not just because animals add variety and beauty to the world, but because animals make an important contribution to humans' quality of life. Animals are part of the ecosystem that purifies the air, cleans the water, and provides humans with food. If we allow the animals to become extinct, we will damage the ecosystems and lose these vital services. This will have a bad impact on the development of society.

Clearly, it is impossible to say that either aspect is more important as they both have a significant impact on the quality of people's lives. Furthermore, there is no need to choose between providing for humans and protecting animals because, the way I see it, the problem is not a shortage of land. The problem is that people see the short-term benefit of, say, cutting down a rainforest for farmland but they do not see the long-term economic benefit of protecting animals. Governments need to educate people to see the equal value of both and then we can develop society without destroying the natural world.

《新托福真題詳解——寫作分卷（第一冊）》