Part II Listening Comprehension

Section A

Conversation One

聽力原文&譯文

W: Welcome to Workplace. And in today's program, we're looking at the results of two recently published surveys, which both deal with the same topic—happiness at work. John, tell us about the first survey.

M: Well, this was done by a human resources consultancy, who interviewed more than 1,000 workers, and established a top ten of the factors which make people happy at work. [1]The most important factor for the majority of the people interviewed was having friendly, supportive colleagues. In fact, 73% of people interviewed put their relationship with colleagues as the key factor contributing to happiness at work, which is a very high percentage. The second most important factor was having work that is enjoyable. The two least important factors were having one's achievements recognized, and rather surprisingly, earning a competitive salary.

W: So, we are not mainly motivated by money?

M: Apparently not.

W: Any other interesting information in the survey?

M: Yes. For example, [2]25% of the working people interviewed described themselves as “very happy”at work. However, 20% of employees described themselves as “being unhappy.”

W: That's quite a lot of unhappy people at work every day.

M: It is, isn't it? And there were several more interesting conclusions revealed by the survey. First of all, [3]small is beautiful: people definitely prefer working for smaller organizations or companies with less than 100 staff. We also find out that, generally speaking, women were happier in their work than men.

W: Yes, we are, aren't we?

M: [4]And workers on part-time contracts, who only work 4 or 5 hours a day, are happier than those who work full-time. The researchers concluded that this is probably due to a better work-life balance.

W: Are bosses happier than their employees?

M: Yes. Perhaps not surprisingly, the higher people go in a company, the happier they are. So senior managers enjoy their jobs more than people working under them.

女：歡迎來到《職場》。在今天的節(jié)目中，我們將討論最近公布的兩份調(diào)查結(jié)果，這兩項調(diào)查都針對一個共同的主題——工作中的幸福感。約翰，先跟大家介紹一下第一項調(diào)查吧。

男：好的。這項調(diào)查是一家人力資源咨詢公司開展的，他們采訪了1000多名員工，確定了10個最能讓員工開心工作的因素。[1]其中大多數(shù)受訪者認為最重要的因素就是擁有友好且樂于助人的同事。事實上，73%的受訪者把他們與同事的關系看作是快樂工作的主要因素，這個比例是非常高的。第二個最重要的因素是擁有一份稱心如意的工作。最不重要的兩個因素是工作業(yè)績被認可和賺得一份有競爭力的薪酬，第二點使人感到很意外。

女：所以，我們并不是主要受金錢的激勵？

男：顯然不是。

女：調(diào)查中還有其他有趣的信息嗎？

男：當然。例如，[2]25%的受訪員工認為自己在工作中“非常開心”。然而，20%的員工認為自己在工作中“不開心”。

女：每天工作不開心的人還是相當多的。

男：確實，難道不是嗎？這項調(diào)查也揭示了一些比較有意思的結(jié)論。首先就是，[3]小即是美：人們肯定更喜歡在員工少于100人的這種較小的機構(gòu)或公司工作。我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)，一般來說，女員工比男員工在工作中更開心。

女：是的，我們確實如此，難道不是嗎？

男：[4]而且，那些每天只工作4到5個小時的兼職員工比那些全職員工更開心。研究人員推斷，這可能是因為兼職員工能更好地平衡工作與生活。

女：老板比員工更開心嗎？

男：是的。也許并不令人驚訝的是，員工在公司中的職位越高，就會越開心。所以高級管理者要比他們的下屬更享受工作。

1.A) Doing enjoyable work.

B) Having friendly colleagues.

C) Earning a competitive salary.

D) Working for supportive bosses.

Q: What is the No.1 factor that made employees happy according to the survey?

A）做稱心如意的工作。

B）擁有友好的同事。

C）賺得有競爭力的薪水。

D）為支持自己的老板工作。

問：根據(jù)該項調(diào)查，使員工開心工作的首要因素是什么？

? 聽前預測：

1. 四項均以動名詞開頭，推測該題可能以what提問。

2. 四項提到的內(nèi)容均與影響工作的某些因素相關。

結(jié)論：該題可能考查影響工作的某些因素。聽音時要仔細聽與此相關的內(nèi)容，然后結(jié)合選項做出判斷。

? 解析：對話中男士提到：“其中大多數(shù)受訪者認為最重要的因素就是擁有友好且樂于助人的同事。事實上，73%的受訪者把他們與同事的關系看作是快樂工作的主要因素，這個比例是非常高的。”因此B項與對話內(nèi)容相符，故為正確答案。

2.A) 20%.

B) 25%.

C) 31%.

D) 73%.

Q: What is the percentage of the people surveyed who felt unhappy at work?

A）20%。

B）25%。

C）31%。

D）73%。

問：被調(diào)查者中在工作中感到不開心的人占多大比例？

? 聽前預測：四項均為表示百分比的數(shù)字。

結(jié)論：該題可能考查某個因素的占比情況。聽音時要注意聽與數(shù)字有關的內(nèi)容，然后結(jié)合選項做出判斷。

? 解析：對話中男士提到：“20%的員工認為自己在工作中‘不開心’。”因此A項與對話內(nèi)容相符，故為正確答案。對話中男士提到：“25%的受訪員工認為自己在工作中‘非常開心’。”故B項錯誤；對話中提到“73%的受訪者把他們與同事的關系看作是快樂工作的主要因素”，故D項錯誤；C項對話中未提及，故也排除。

3.A) Those full of skilled workers.

B) Those run by women.

C) Those that are well managed.

D) Those of a small size.

Q: What kind of companies are popular with employees?

A）那些員工全是技術工人的公司。

B）那些由女性經(jīng)營的公司。

C）那些管理良好的公司。

D）那些規(guī)模小的公司。

問：什么樣的公司受員工歡迎？

? 聽前預測：四項均以those開頭，且內(nèi)容都與企業(yè)經(jīng)營狀況相關。

結(jié)論：該題可能以what提問，考查的內(nèi)容可能與企業(yè)經(jīng)營狀況相關。聽音時首先要注意聽清those的指代對象，然后留意與skilled workers, run by women, well managed及small size相關的語句。

? 解析：對話中男士提到：“小即是美：人們肯定更喜歡在員工少于100人的這種較小的機構(gòu)或公司工作。”因此D項與對話內(nèi)容相符，故為正確答案。對話中提到“女員工比男員工在工作中更開心”，而不是女性經(jīng)營的公司更受員工歡迎，因此B項錯誤。A、C兩項對話中未提及，故排除。

4.A) They can win recognition of their work.

B) They can better balance their work and life.

C) They can hop from job to job easily.

D) They can take on more than one job.

Q: What is the possible reason for people on part-time contracts to be happier?

A）他們能贏得別人對其工作的認可。

B）他們能更好地平衡工作與生活。

C）他們能很容易地跳槽。

D）他們能從事不止一份工作。

問：什么原因可能使做兼職工作的人更快樂？

? 聽前預測：

1. 四項均以they開頭。

2. 四項提到的內(nèi)容都與they的工作狀況相關（win recognition of their work, balance their work and life, hop from job to job, take on more than one job）。

結(jié)論：該題可能以what提問，考查的內(nèi)容可能與they的工作情況相關。聽音時應留意與選項關鍵信息相關的語句。

? 解析：對話中男士提到：“那些每天只工作4到5個小時的兼職員工比那些全職員工更開心。研究人員推斷，這可能是因為兼職員工能更好地平衡工作與生活。”因此B項與對話內(nèi)容相符，故為正確答案。對話中提到：“最不重要的兩個因素就是工作業(yè)績被認可……”，因此A項錯誤；C、D兩項對話中未提及，故排除。

Conversation Two

聽力原文&譯文

W: Mr. De Keyzer, [5]I'm a great lover of your book Moments Before the Flood. [6]Can you tell us how you first became interested in this subject matter?

M: In 2006, [6]when the concert hall of the city of Bruges asked me to take some pictures for a catalogue for a new concert season around the theme of water, I found myself working along the Belgian coastline. As there had been numerous alarming articles in the press about a climate catastrophe waiting to happen, I started looking at the sea and the beach very differently, a place where I spent so many perfect days as a child. This fear of a looming danger became the subject of a large-scale photo project.

W: You wrote in the book, “[5]I don't want to photograph the disaster. I want to photograph the disaster waiting to happen.”Can you talk a bit about that?

M: [7]It is clear now that it's a matter of time before the entire European coastline disappears on the water. The same goes for numerous big cities around the world. My idea was to photograph this beautiful and very unique coastline, rich in history, before it's too late—as a last witness.

W: Can you talk a bit about how history plays a role in this project?

M: Sure. The project is also about the history of Europe looking at the sea and wondering when the next enemy would appear. In the images, you see all kinds of possible defense constructions to hold back the Romans, Germans, Vikings, and now nature as enemy number one. For example, there is the image of the bridge into the sea taken at the Normandy D-Day landing site. [8]Also, Venice, the city eternally threatened by the sea, where every morning wooden pathways have to be set up to allow tourists to reach their hotels.

W: Thank you, Mr. De Keyzer. It was a pleasure to have you with us today.

女：德凱瑟先生，[5]我是您的著作《洪水將至》的忠實粉絲。[6]您能告訴我們您最初是如何對這類題材產(chǎn)生興趣的嗎？

男：2006年，[6]當布魯日的一家音樂廳邀請我圍繞水這一主題，為新音樂會表演季的目錄拍攝一些照片時，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己當時正在比利時海岸線附近工作。因為媒體上關于即將發(fā)生氣候災難的警示文章可謂鋪天蓋地，我開始從非常不同的角度審視大海和海灘，我童年時曾在海邊度過了很多美好的時光。對隱約出現(xiàn)的危險的恐懼就成了這個大規(guī)模拍攝項目的主題。

女：您在書中曾經(jīng)寫道：“[5]我不想拍攝災難。我只想拍攝即將發(fā)生的災難。”您能說說這是什么意思嗎？

男：[7]目前形勢很明顯，整個歐洲海岸線從海平面消失只是時間問題。全世界很多大城市也面臨著同樣的問題。我的想法是，在為時過晚之前，拍下這些美麗且非常獨特，而且擁有豐富歷史的海岸線——作為最后的見證。

女：您能說一下歷史在這個項目中起到了什么樣的作用嗎？

男：當然可以。這個項目同樣是關于歐洲望向大海并猜想下一個敵人何時將至的歷史。在這些照片中，你可以看到各種各樣可能是用來抵抗羅馬人、德國人、北歐海盜的防御工程，然而現(xiàn)在，大自然卻成了頭號敵人。例如，有一張在諾曼底登陸遺址拍攝的海中架橋的照片。[8]還有一張威尼斯的照片，在這座永遠都受到海洋威脅的城市，每天早上人們都得架起木制通道，以便游客到達旅店。

女：謝謝您，德凱瑟先生。今天很高興能與您交流。

5.A) It was a collection of photos.

B) It is an introduction to music.

C) It is about the city of Bruges.

D) It is a book of European history.

Q: What does the man say about the book Moments Before the Flood?

A）它是一部照片集。

B）它是對音樂的入門介紹書。

C）它是對布魯日城的介紹。

D）它是一本有關歐洲歷史的著作。

問：關于《洪水將至》這部著作，男士說了什么？

? 聽前預測：

1. 四項均以it開頭，且由選項內(nèi)容可知，it很可能指一本書。

2. 四項提到的內(nèi)容均與it的類型或主題相關。

結(jié)論：該題可能以what提問，考查的內(nèi)容可能與某本書的類型或主題相關。聽音時首先要確定it的指代對象，然后結(jié)合選項做出判斷。

? 解析：對話開頭女士提到：“我是您的著作《洪水將至》的忠實粉絲。”由此可知，it指代的是《洪水將至》這本書。接著女士提到男士曾經(jīng)在書中寫道：“我不想拍攝災難，我只想拍攝即將發(fā)生的災難。”由此可知這本書應該是一部照片集，因此A項為正確答案。

6.A) When writing about Belgium's coastal regions.

B) When taking pictures for a concert catalogue.

C) When vacationing in an Italian coastal city.

D) When painting the concert hall of Bruges.

Q: When did the man get his idea for the work?

A）當他寫有關比利時沿海地區(qū)的文章時。

B）當他為一份音樂會目錄拍攝照片時。

C）當他在一座意大利海濱城市度假時。

D）當他為布魯日的音樂廳刷漆時。

問：男士什么時候有了創(chuàng)作這部作品的想法？

? 聽前預測：

1. 四項均以when開頭，可能以when提問。

2. 四項提到的內(nèi)容均表示某種動作或狀態(tài)，可能與某個人的動作或狀態(tài)相關。

結(jié)論：該題考查的內(nèi)容可能與某個人在某個時間所做的事情相關。聽音時要留意與選項中提到的這四件事相關的內(nèi)容。

? 解析：對話中女士問：“您能告訴我們您最初是如何對這類題材產(chǎn)生興趣的嗎？”而后男士回答：“當布魯日的一家音樂廳邀請我圍繞水這一主題，為新音樂會表演季的目錄拍攝一些照片時……”由此可知，B項與對話內(nèi)容相符，故為正確答案。男士提到他當時正在比利時海岸線附近工作，并不是在寫有關比利時沿海地區(qū)的文章，A項屬于張冠李戴，故排除。C、D兩項對話中未提及，故排除。

7.A) The rich heritage of Europe will be lost completely.

B) The seawater of Europe will be seriously polluted.

C) The entire European coastline will be submerged.

D) The major European scenic spots will disappear.

Q: What will happen when the climate catastrophe occurs?

A）歐洲豐富的遺產(chǎn)將完全丟失。

B）歐洲的海水將被嚴重污染。

C）整個歐洲的海岸線將被淹沒。

D）歐洲的主要景點將消失。

問：當氣候災難降臨時將會發(fā)生什么？

? 聽前預測：四項均提到了歐洲，內(nèi)容均與歐洲的環(huán)境變化有關（rich heritage will be lost, seawater will be polluted, coastline will be submerged, scenic spots will disappear）。

結(jié)論：該題考查的內(nèi)容可能與歐洲發(fā)生的變化相關。聽音時要留意與選項關鍵信息相關的語句。

? 解析：對話中男士提到：“目前形勢很明顯，整個歐洲海岸線從海平面消失只是時間問題。”因此C項與對話內(nèi)容相符，故為正確答案。A、B、D三項在對話中均未提及，故排除。

8.A) Tourists use wooden paths to reach their hotels in the morning.

B) It attracts large numbers of tourists from home and abroad.

C) People cannot get around without using boats.

D) Its waterways are being increasingly polluted.

Q: What does the man say about Venice?

A）游客早上使用木質(zhì)通道到達他們的旅店。

B）它吸引了大量國內(nèi)外的游客。

C）人們不使用船的話無法四處走動。

D）它的水路正在日益受到污染。

問：關于威尼斯，男士說了什么？

? 聽前預測：

1. 兩項內(nèi)容與某個地方的情況有關（attracts large numbers of tourists, waterways are polluted）。

2. 兩項內(nèi)容與人們的活動有關（use wooden paths to reach their hotels, cannot get around without using boats）。

結(jié)論：該題考查的內(nèi)容可能與某個地方人們的活動相關。聽音時要對表示人們的活動的內(nèi)容多加留意。

? 解析：對話中男士提到，在威尼斯這座永遠都受到海洋威脅的城市，每天早上人們都會架起木制通道，以便游客到達旅店。由此可知，游客是通過木制通道到達旅店的，因此A項與對話內(nèi)容相符，故為正確答案。

Section B

Passage One

聽力原文&譯文

[9]When facing a new situation, some people tend to rehearse their defeat by spending too much time anticipating the worst. I remember talking with a young lawyer who was about to begin her first jury trial. She was very nervous. I asked what impression she wanted to make on the jury. She replied, “I don't want to look too inexperienced. I don't want them to suspect this is my first trial.”This lawyer had fallen victim to the “don'ts”syndrome—a form of negative goal setting. The “don'ts”can be self-fulfilling because your mind responds to pictures.

[10]Research conducted at Stanford University shows a mental image fires the nerve system the same way as actually doing something. That means when a golfer tells himself, “don't hit the ball into the water,”his mind sees the image of the ball flying into the water. So guess where the ball will go.

[11]Consequently, before going into any stressful situation, focus only on what you want to have happen. I asked the lawyer again how she wanted to appear at her first trial. And this time she said, “I want to look professional and self-assured.”I told her to create a picture of what self-assured would look like. To her, it meant moving confidently around the court room, using convincing body language and projecting her voice, so it could be heard from the judge's bench to the back door. She also imagined a skillful closing argument and a winning trial. [12]A few weeks after this positive stress rehearsal, the young lawyer did win.

[9]當面對新形勢時，一些人往往會通過把大量時間花在做最壞的預期上來預想失敗的場面。我記得曾經(jīng)與一位年輕的律師談話，她當時正準備第一次出席陪審團審判。她非常緊張。我問她想給陪審團留下什么印象。她回答說：“我不想看上去太沒有經(jīng)驗了。我不想讓他們懷疑這是我第一次參加審判。”這位律師已經(jīng)淪為這些“不”綜合征的受害者——一種消極的目標設定模式。這些“不”是可以自我實現(xiàn)的，因為你的大腦會對這些（預設）畫面做出回應。

[10]斯坦福大學進行的一項研究顯示，大腦中的圖像會以與實際在做某事一樣的方式激發(fā)神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)。這就意味著當一位高爾夫球手告訴自己“不要把球打到水里”時，他的大腦中產(chǎn)生的是球飛進水里的圖像。所以猜猜球會往哪里去吧。

[11]因此，在去往任何一個充滿壓力的環(huán)境之前，只須把注意力集中在你想要發(fā)生的事情上。我又問了這位律師她希望在第一次出席審判時表現(xiàn)得如何。這次她回答說：“我希望看起來非常專業(yè)而且胸有成竹。”我告訴她構(gòu)建一個圖像：胸有成竹是什么樣的。對她而言，這意味著在法庭上自信地踱來踱去，使用令人信服的肢體語言，擴大音量，以便從法官席到后門的人都能聽到她的聲音。她還設想了一份表達熟練的結(jié)案陳詞和勝訴。[12]在這種積極的壓力排練后幾周，這位年輕的律師真的勝訴了。

9.A) They try hard to avoid getting off on the wrong foot.

B) They spend too much time anticipating their defeat.

C) They take too many irrelevant factors into account.

D) They make careful preparations beforehand.

Q: What do some people do when they face a new situation?

A）他們努力避免一開始就把事情搞砸。

B）他們花太多時間做失敗的預期。

C）他們把太多不相關的因素考慮在內(nèi)。

D）他們提前做了精心的準備。

問：一些人在面對新情況時會做什么？

? 解題思路：

1. 四項都以they開頭。

2. 三項含有消極意義的表述：on the wrong foot, too much, too many irrelevant factors。

結(jié)論：本題考查的內(nèi)容與they有關，可能涉及they的做法或問題，可能是文章的某個細節(jié)，也有可能是文章的主旨。聽音時應注意判斷they的指代對象，并將重點放在四個選項的關鍵信息上（avoid getting off on the wrong foot, anticipating their defeat, take too many irrelevant factors into account, make careful preparations beforehand）。

? 解析：題目問的是一些人在面對新情況時會怎么做。文章開頭提到，當面對新形勢時一些人往往會把大量時間花在做最壞的預期上來預想失敗的場面。由此可知選項B正確。選項A涉及對短語get off on the wrong foot的理解，該短語的意思是“一開始就把事情弄糟，出師不利”。原文中并未提到人們避免出師不利的做法，所以A項不可選。另外兩項短文中也未提及，故均不可選。

10. A) Mental images often interfere with athletes' performance.

B) Golfers usually have positive mental images of themselves.

C) Thinking has the same effect on the nervous system as doing.

D) A person's nervous system is more complicated than imagined.

Q: What does the research conducted at Stanford University show?

A）大腦中的圖像經(jīng)常干擾運動員的表現(xiàn)。

B）高爾夫球手通常有關于自己的積極的大腦圖像。

C）想和做對神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)有同樣的效果。

D）人的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)比想象的更加復雜。

問：斯坦福大學進行的研究表明什么？

? 解題思路：兩項含有mental images，兩項含有nervous system。

結(jié)論：本題考查的內(nèi)容與mental images或nervous system有關，可能涉及有關這兩者的新發(fā)現(xiàn)，很可能是文章的某個細節(jié)，也可能是文章的主旨。聽音時應注意聽關于兩者的新發(fā)現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容，并將重點放在四個選項的關鍵信息上（interfere with, positive mental images, has the same effect, more complicated）。

? 解析：題目問的是斯坦福大學進行的研究表明什么。文章中間部分提到斯坦福大學進行的一項研究顯示，大腦中的圖像會以與實際在做某事一樣的方式激發(fā)神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)。由此可知選項C正確。thinking是對mental image的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。其他選項短文中均未提及，故都不可選。

11. A) Anticipate possible problems.

B) Make a list of do's and don'ts.

C) Try to appear more professional.

D) Picture themselves succeeding.

Q: What advice does the speaker give to people in a stressful situation?

A）預測可能的問題。

B）把應該做的和不應該做的事情列一個清單。

C）努力顯得更加專業(yè)。

D）想象他們自己成功的畫面。

問：講話者給處于壓力中的人們提出了什么建議？

? 解題思路：四項都是動詞短語。

結(jié)論：本題考查的內(nèi)容很可能是某種做法、注意事項或建議，有可能是文章的某個細節(jié)。聽音時應注意判斷動作的發(fā)出者是誰，并將重點放在四個選項的關鍵信息上（possible problems, do's and don'ts, more professional, succeeding）。

? 解析：題目問的是講話者給處于壓力中的人們什么建議。文章后半部分提到，在去任何一個充滿壓力的環(huán)境之前，只須把注意力集中在你想要發(fā)生的事上。這就是講話者給處于壓力中的人們提出的建議。換句話說，也就是建議人們想象他們自己成功的畫面。因此選項D正確。

12.A) She won her first jury trial.

B) She won a designer dress.C) She presented moving pictures.

D) She did not speak loud enough.

Q: What do we learn about the lawyer in the court?

A）她在第一次陪審團審判中勝訴。

B）她贏得了一件名牌衣服。

C）她展示了感人的照片。

D）她講話聲音不夠大。

問：關于這位律師在法庭上的表現(xiàn)，我們得知什么？

? 解題思路：

1. 四項都以she開頭。

2. 三項含有表示積極意義的詞（won, moving）。

結(jié)論：本題考查的內(nèi)容是有關she的某種結(jié)果或某種做法，可能是文章的某個細節(jié)，也有可能是文章的主旨。聽音時應將重點放在四個選項的關鍵信息上（won her first jury trial, won a designer dress, presented moving pictures, did not speak loud enough）。

? 解析：題目問的是關于這位律師在法庭上的表現(xiàn)，我們得知什么。文章最后部分提到在這種積極的壓力排練后幾周，這位年輕的律師真的勝訴了。由此可知選項A正確。B、C兩項文中都未提及，D項是對文中細節(jié)projecting her voice, so it could be heard from the judge's bench to the back door的曲解，故這三項都不可選。

Passage Two

聽力原文&譯文

Most Americans don't eat enough fruits, vegetables or whole grains. [13]Research now says adding fiber to the teen diet may help lower the risk of breast cancer. Conversations about the benefits of fiber are probably more common in nursing homes than high schools. But along comes a new study that could change that. Kristi King, a diet specialist at Texas Children's Hospital, finds it hard to get teenager patients' attention about healthy eating. But telling them that eating lots of high-fiber foods could reduce the risk of breast cancer before middle age, that's a powerful message.

[14]The new finding is based on a study of 44,000 women. They were surveyed about their diets during high school, and their eating habits were tracked for two decades. It turns out that those who consumed the highest levels of fiber during adolescence had a lower risk of developing breast cancer, compared to the women who ate the least fiber. This important study demonstrates that the more fiber you eat during your high school years, the lower your risk is in developing breast cancer in later life.

[15]The finding points to long-standing evidence that fiber may reduce circulating female hormone levels, which could explain the reduced risk. The bottom line here is the more fiber you eat, perhaps, a lower level of hormone in your body, and therefore, a lower lifetime risk of developing breast cancer. High-fiber diets are also linked to a reduced risk of heart disease and diabetes. That's why women are told to eat 25 grams of fiber a day—men even more.

大多數(shù)美國人吃的水果、蔬菜或全谷類食物都不夠多。[13]現(xiàn)在的研究認為，在青少年的飲食中增加纖維可以幫助降低患乳腺癌的風險。有關纖維的益處的討論在養(yǎng)老院可能比在高中更常見。但是隨之而來的一項新研究可能會改變這種情況。得克薩斯州兒童醫(yī)院的食品專家克里斯蒂·金發(fā)現(xiàn)，讓青少年病人對健康飲食引起重視很難。但是告訴他們在步入中年之前食用大量高纖維類食物可以降低患乳腺癌的風險，這是一條強有力的信息。

[14]這一新發(fā)現(xiàn)是基于對44000名女性的調(diào)查而來。她們被調(diào)查了高中時期的飲食情況，而且她們的飲食習慣被跟蹤調(diào)查了20年。結(jié)果表明，那些在青少年時期攝入的纖維含量最高的女性，與攝入量最低的女性相比，患乳腺癌的風險更低。這項重要研究表明，在高中時期攝入的纖維越多，在晚年患乳腺癌的風險就越低。

[15]這一發(fā)現(xiàn)印證了長期存在的證據(jù)，即纖維可以降低女性荷爾蒙的循環(huán)水平，這可以對降低（患乳腺癌）的風險進行解釋。從本質(zhì)上來說就是，你吃的纖維越多，你體內(nèi)的荷爾蒙水平可能就越低，因此，一生中患上乳腺癌的風險就越低。高纖維的飲食與降低患心臟病和糖尿病的風險也有關。這就是為什么要求女性每天攝取25克的纖維——男性甚至更多。

13. A)It enables patients with diabetes to recover sooner.

B) Its health benefits have been overestimated.

C) Its long-term effects are yet to be proved.

D) It helps people to avoid developing breast cancer.

Q: What does the new study tell about adding fiber to the teen diet?

A）它使糖尿病患者康復得更快。

B）它的健康益處被估計得過高。

C）它的長期效果還有待證實。

D）它幫助人們避免患上乳腺癌。

問：關于在青少年的飲食中增加纖維，這項新的研究告訴我們什么？

? 解題思路：

1. 兩項以it開頭，兩項以its開頭。

2. 兩項含有某種疾病的名稱。

結(jié)論：本題考查的內(nèi)容可能是一個看法、一種觀點或一個結(jié)論，可能是文章的某個細節(jié)，也有可能是文章的主旨。聽音時應注意判斷it或its的指代對象，并將重點放在四個選項的關鍵信息上（recover, overestimated, proved, avoid developing）。

? 解析：題目問的是關于在青少年的飲食中增加纖維，這項新的研究告訴我們什么。文章開頭部分提到，現(xiàn)在的研究認為，在青少年的飲食中增加纖維可以幫助降低患乳腺癌的風險。由此可知選項D正確。題目中的adding fiber to the teen diet屬于原文重現(xiàn)（第一段第二句）。

14.A) It tracked their eating habits since their adolescence.

B) It focused on their difference from men in fiber intake.

C) It tracked their change in food preferences for 20 years.

D) It focused on their ways of life during young adulthood.

Q: What do we learn about the survey of the 44,000 women?

A）它跟蹤調(diào)查了她們自青春期以來的飲食習慣。

B）它專注于她們在纖維攝入上與男性的不同。

C）它跟蹤調(diào)查了她們20年來飲食偏好的變化。

D）它專注于她們成年早期的生活方式。

問：關于對44000名女性的調(diào)查，我們得知什么？

? 解題思路：

1. 四項都以it開頭。

2. 三項含有與飲食相關的描述：eating habits, fiber intake, food preferences。

結(jié)論：本題考查的內(nèi)容與it產(chǎn)生的功效有關，而且這一功效可能與飲食相關，可能是文章的某個細節(jié)，也有可能是文章的主旨。聽音時應注意判斷it的指代對象，以及it與飲食的關系，并將重點放在四個選項的關鍵信息上（eating habits, fiber intake, food preferences, ways of life）。

? 解析：題目問的是關于對44000名女性的調(diào)查，我們得知什么。文章提到44000這個數(shù)字是在中間部分，該部分指出，這一新發(fā)現(xiàn)是基于對44000名女性的調(diào)查而來。她們被調(diào)查了高中時期的飲食情況，而且她們的飲食習慣被跟蹤調(diào)查了20年。結(jié)果表明，那些在青少年時期攝入的纖維含量最高的女性，與攝入量最低的女性相比，患乳腺癌的風險更低。由此可知選項A正確。選項C是對原文“她們被調(diào)查了高中時期的飲食情況，而且她們的飲食習慣被跟蹤調(diào)查了20年”的曲解。另外兩項都不是對44000名女性的調(diào)查結(jié)果。

15. A) Fiber may bring more benefits to women than men.

B) Fiber may improve the function of heart muscles.

C) Fiber may make blood circulation more smooth.

D) Fiber may help to reduce hormones in the body.

Q: What explanation does the speaker offer for the research finding?

A）纖維給女性帶來的好處要比給男性帶來的好處多。

B）纖維可以改善心肌的功能。

C）纖維可以使血液循環(huán)更順暢。

D）纖維可以有助于減少體內(nèi)的荷爾蒙。

問：對于研究結(jié)果，講話者提供了什么解釋？

? 解題思路：

1. 四項都以Fiber may開頭。

2. 三項含有與身體健康相關的術語：heart muscles，blood circulation，hormones。

結(jié)論：本題考查的內(nèi)容可能是纖維的某種特點或作用，可能是一種看法或結(jié)論。聽音時應將重點放在四個選項的關鍵信息上（bring more benefits, improve the function of heart muscles, make blood circulation more smooth, reduce hormones in the body）。

? 解析：題目問的是對于研究結(jié)果，講話者提供了什么解釋。文章后半部分提到，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)印證了長期存在的證據(jù)，即纖維可以降低女性荷爾蒙的循環(huán)水平，這可以對降低（患乳腺癌）的風險進行解釋。從本質(zhì)上來說就是，你吃的纖維越多，你體內(nèi)的荷爾蒙水平可能就越低，因此，一生中患上乳腺癌的風險就越低。換句話說，纖維可能有助于減少體內(nèi)的荷爾蒙。由此可知選項D正確。其他三個選項文中均未提及，故都不可選。

Section C

Recording One

聽力原文&譯文

[16]Well, my current research is really about consumer behaviour. So recently I've looked at young people's drinking and it's obviously a major concern to government at the moment. I've also looked at how older people are represented in the media. Again, it's of major current interest with older people becoming a much larger proportion of UK and indeed world society. I'm also interested in how consumers operate online, and how that online behaviour might be different from how they operate offline when they go to the shops.

Well, I think that the important thing here is to actually understand what's happening from the consumer's perspective. One of the things that businesses and indeed government organizations often fail to do is to really see what is happening from the consumer's perspective. [17]For example, in the case of young people's drinking, one of the things that I've identified is that drinking for people—say between the ages of 18 and 24—is all about the social,activity.

A lot of the government advertising has been about individual responsibility, but actually understanding that drinking is very much about the social activity and finding ways to help young people get home safely and not end up in hospital is one of the things that we've tried to present there. The key thing about consumer behaviour is that it's very much about how consumers change. Markets always change faster than marketing, so we have to look at what consumers are doing.

Currently I teach consumer behaviour to undergraduates in their second year and we look at all kinds of things in consumer behaviour and particularly how consumers are presented in advertising. So they get involved by looking at advertising and really critically assessing the consumer behaviour aspects of it and getting involved, sometimes doing primary research. [18]For example, last year my students spent a week looking at their own purchasing and analyzed it in detail from shopping to the relationship that they have with their retail banks and their mobile phone providers. I think they found it very useful and it also helped them identify just what kind of budgets they had too. The fact of the matter is that there's a whole range of interesting research out there and I think, as the years go on, there's going to be much more for us to consider and certainly much more for students to become involved in.

[16]嗯，我現(xiàn)在的研究其實與消費者行為有關。所以，最近我研究了年輕人的飲酒行為，很明顯這是政府目前重點關注的一個問題。我還研究了媒體是如何展現(xiàn)老年人形象的。加之，隨著老年人口在英國甚至世界人口中所占的比例變得更大，這一問題也是（政府）當前的一個主要的興趣點。我還對消費者的網(wǎng)上消費行為以及這種網(wǎng)上消費行為與他們?nèi)嶓w店現(xiàn)場消費的行為之間的區(qū)別感興趣。

那么，我認為現(xiàn)在重要的是真正從消費者的角度出發(fā)來理解所發(fā)生的事。企業(yè)甚至政府機構(gòu)常常沒有做到的事情之一就是真正從消費者的角度看待發(fā)生的事情。[17]例如，就年輕人的飲酒行為來說，我能確認的一件事是對人們來說——比如年齡在18歲到24歲之間的人——飲酒行為完全是一種社會行為。

政府投放的很多廣告都是宣揚個體責任的，但實際上，理解飲酒行為更多的是一種社會行為并找到辦法來幫助年輕人安全回家而不是最后躺在醫(yī)院里，是我們一直努力想要展現(xiàn)的事情之一。有關消費者行為的關鍵一點是它在很大程度上與消費者如何改變有關。市場變化的速度總比營銷變化的速度快，所以我們必須研究消費者的行為。

我現(xiàn)在教大二的學生與消費者行為相關的知識，我們研究消費者行為的各個方面，尤其是消費者在廣告中的形象。所以他們（學生）通過研究廣告，并且真正批判性地評價廣告中的消費者行為來參與其中，有時還會做初步研究。[18]例如，去年我的學生們花了一周的時間來研究他們自己的消費行為，詳細分析他們的購物行為以及他們與零售銀行和手機供應商之間的關系。我認為，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這很有用，這也幫助他們確定了自己的預算類型。事實上，學生對消費者行為做了全方位的有趣研究，我認為，隨著時光流逝，會有更多的問題等著我們考慮，當然也會有更多的研究讓學生參與進去。

16.A) Investigating the impact of media on government.

B) Studying the hazards of young people drinking.

C) Conducting research on consumer behaviour.

D) Observing the changes in marketing.

Q: What is the speaker currently doing?

A）調(diào)查媒體對政府的影響。

B）研究年輕人飲酒的危害。

C）研究消費者行為。

D）觀察市場營銷的變化。

問：講話者目前在做什么？

? 解題思路：四項都是動名詞短語，說明本題考查某人正在做的某件事。聽音時應把重點放在各選項的關鍵詞（impact of media on government, hazards of young people drinking, research on consumer behaviour, changes in marketing）上。

? 解析：本題考查講話者目前正在做的事情。講話開頭，講話者就說：“我現(xiàn)在的研究其實與消費者行為有關。”接著后面介紹了他的研究對象和研究內(nèi)容，故選C。選項A講話中沒有提及；講話者說他研究年輕人的飲酒行為，而不是研究年輕人飲酒的危害，故排除選項B。講話者之后提到，市場變化的速度總比營銷變化的速度快，但他并非主要研究市場營銷的變化，故排除選項D。

17. A) It is a chief concern of parents.

B) It is an act of socialising.

C) It is the cause of many street riots.

D) It is getting worse year by year.

Q: What has the speaker found about young people's drinking?

A）它是父母們主要擔心的問題。

B）它是一種社交行為。

C）它是很多街頭鬧事活動的起因。

D）它正逐年變得越來越嚴重。

問：關于年輕人的飲酒行為，講話者發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么？

? 解題思路：四項都以it開頭，三項含有表示消極意義的描述（concern, street riots, worse），說明本題可能考查某種消極行為。聽音時需注意聽清相關細節(jié)。

? 解析：本題問講話者對年輕人飲酒行為的研究結(jié)果。講話者在簡單介紹了自己的研究對象和研究內(nèi)容后，首先介紹了對年輕人飲酒行為的發(fā)現(xiàn)：年輕人的飲酒行為完全是一種社會行為。選項B說法與此一致，故為答案。講話者在講話開頭提到，年輕人的飲酒行為很明顯是政府而非父母們目前重點關注的一個問題，故排除選項A。選項C和D講話中沒有提及，故也排除。

18.A)They researched the impact of mobile phones on young people.

B) They spent a week studying their own purchasing behaviour.

C) They conducted a thorough research on advertising.

D) They analysed their family budgets over the years.

Q:What does the speaker say that his students did last year?

A）他們研究了手機對年輕人的影響。

B）他們花了一周的時間研究自己的消費行為。

C）他們對廣告業(yè)進行了徹底的研究。

D）他們分析了自己這些年的家庭預算。

問：講話者說他的學生們?nèi)ツ曜隽耸裁矗?/p>

? 解題思路：四項都以they開頭，描述的都是過去發(fā)生的事，且都表示某種分析或研究。本題考查they在過去做的某些研究或分析，聽音時需首先聽清they的指代對象，然后根據(jù)選項內(nèi)容做出判斷。

? 解析：本題問講話者說他的學生們在去年做了什么。在講話最后，講話者提到，他現(xiàn)在教大二的學生與消費者行為相關的知識，去年他的學生們花了一周的時間來研究他們自己的消費行為，選項B與此說法一致，故為答案。選項A講話中沒有提及；學生們研究消費者在廣告中的形象，而不是對廣告業(yè)進行徹底的研究，故排除選項C；學生對自己的消費行為進行研究可以幫助他們明確自己的預算，而不是他們分析自己的家庭預算，故選項D也排除。

Recording Two

聽力原文&譯文

[19]Sweden was the first European country to print and use paper money, but it may soon do away with physical currencies. Banks can save a lot of money and they can also avoid bank robberies, theft, and dirty money.

Claire Barrett, the editor of Financial Times: Money, says the Western world is headed toward a world without physical currency. Andy Holder—the chief economist at The Bank of England—suggested that the UK move towards a government-backed digital currency. But does a cashless society really make good economic sense? The fact that cash is being drawn out of society is less a feature of our everyday lives than the ease of electronic payments. Is this actually making us spend more money without realizing it?

[20]Barrett wanted to find out if the absence of physical currency does indeed cause a person to spend more, so she decided to conduct an experiment a few months ago. She decided that she was going to try to just use cash for two weeks to make all of her essential purchases and see what that would do to her spending. She found she did spend a lot less money because it is incredibly hard to predict how much cash one is going to need. She was forever drawing money out of cash points. Months later, she was still finding cash stuffed in her trouser pockets and the pockets of her handbags.

During the experiment, Barrett took a train ride. [21]On the way, there was an announcement that the restaurant car was not currently accepting credit cards. The train carts were filled with groans because many of the passengers were traveling without cash.

“It underlines just how much things have changed in the last generation,”Barrett says. “[22]My parents, when they were younger, used to budget by putting money into envelopes—they'd get paid and they'd immediately separate the cash into piles and put them in envelopes, so they knew what they had to spend week by week. It was a very effective way for them to keep track of their spending. Nowadays, we're all on credit cards. We're doing online purchases. And money is kind of becoming a less physical and more imaginary type of thing that we can't get our hands around.”

[19]瑞典是第一個印刷和使用紙幣的歐洲國家，但可能很快會放棄使用實物貨幣。通過向免現(xiàn)金系統(tǒng)過渡，銀行可以節(jié)省很多錢，還可以防止銀行搶劫、盜竊和非法錢財。

《金融時報》財經(jīng)專版的編輯克萊爾·巴雷特表示，西方國家正在朝無實物貨幣的世界發(fā)展。安迪·霍爾德——英格蘭銀行的首席經(jīng)濟學家——建議英國朝著使用政府支持的電子貨幣的方向發(fā)展。但是無紙質(zhì)貨幣的社會真能帶來好的經(jīng)濟效益嗎？現(xiàn)金正從社會上消失這一事實，與其說是我們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹奶卣鳎共蝗缯f是電子支付方式的便捷。這真的會讓我們在意識不到的情況下多消費嗎？

[20]巴雷特想查明實物貨幣的消失能否真的讓人們多消費，所以幾個月前，她決定做一項實驗。她決定在兩周內(nèi)只用現(xiàn)金購買所有的必需品，看看這會對她的消費行為產(chǎn)生什么影響。她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的確少花了很多錢，因為人們非常難預估自己未來需要多少現(xiàn)金。她一直從取款機里取錢。幾個月之后，她仍然發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的褲兜和手提包袋里都塞滿了錢。

在實驗開展期間，巴雷特坐過一次火車。[21]在火車行駛途中，有公告說餐車當時不接受信用卡支付方式。火車車廂里充滿了抱怨聲，因為很多乘客旅行時都不帶現(xiàn)金。

“這恰恰突出表明了在上一代人身上發(fā)生了很多變化。”巴雷特說。“[22]我的父母年輕的時候常常通過把錢放進信封里的方式來做預算——他們拿到薪水后會立即把現(xiàn)金分成幾疊兒，然后把它們分別放在幾個信封里，這樣他們就知道接下來的每周必須要花多少錢。對他們來說，這是記錄自己開銷的一種非常有效的方式。如今，我們都使用信用卡。我們在網(wǎng)上購物。金錢在某種程度上變得不再那么具有實物性了，而是變成了一種我們沒法用手觸摸的更加虛擬的東西。”

19. A) It is likely to give up paper money in the near future.

B) It is the first country to use credit cards in the world.

C) It is trying hard to do away with dirty money.

D) It is helping its banks to improve efficiency.

Q: What do we learn about Sweden?

A）在不久的將來，它可能會放棄紙幣。

B）它是世界上第一個使用信用卡的國家。

C）它正努力消除非法錢財。

D）它正幫助（瑞典）銀行提高效率。

問：關于瑞典，我們了解到什么？

? 解題思路：

1. 四項都以it開頭，且由選項B可知，it可能指某個國家。

2. 兩項提到money，一項提到credit cards，一項提到banks，本題考查內(nèi)容可能與貨幣形式、信用卡或銀行有關。

? 解析：本題考查講話者提到的關于瑞典的內(nèi)容。講話開頭就提到，瑞典是第一個印刷和使用紙幣的歐洲國家，但可能很快會放棄使用實物貨幣。選項A的說法是對此的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，其中give up paper money對應原文中的do away with physical currencies，in the near future對應原文中的soon。其余三項講話中均未提及。

20. A)Whether it is possible to travel without carrying any physical currency.

B) Whether it is possible to predict how much money one is going to spend.

C) Whether the absence of physical currency is going to affect everyday life.

D) Whether the absence of physical currency causes a person to spend more.

Q:What did Claire Barrett want to find out with her experiment?

A）在沒帶實物貨幣的情況下旅行是否可行。

B）人們能否預測自己會花多少錢。

C）實物貨幣的消失是否會影響人們的日常生活。

D）實物貨幣的消失是否會促使一個人花更多的錢。

問：克萊爾·巴雷特想用她的實驗來查明什么？

? 解題思路：

1. 四項都以whether開頭，說明本題考查的是某種可能性，可能是某項實驗或研究的結(jié)果。

2. 兩項提到了the absence of physical currency，說明該實驗或研究與實物貨幣的消失有關。

? 解析：本題考查克萊爾·巴雷特所做實驗的目的。講話者在中間部分提到，巴雷特想查明實物貨幣的消失能否真的讓人們多消費，所以幾個月前，她決定做一項實驗。故選D。選項A和C講話中沒有提及；講話中提到人們非常難預估未來需要多少現(xiàn)金，這是客觀存在的事實，并非克萊爾·巴雷特的實驗目的，故排除選項B。

21.A) The cash in her handbag was missing.

B) The service on the train was not good.

C) The restaurant car accepted cash only.

D) There was no food service on the train.

Q: What did Claire Barrett find on her train ride?

A）她手提包里的現(xiàn)金不見了。

B）火車上的服務不好。

C）餐車只接受現(xiàn)金支付。

D）火車上不提供餐飲服務。

問：克萊爾·巴雷特在乘火車旅行途中發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么？

? 解題思路：

1. 兩項提到cash，兩項提到service on the train，一項提到restaurant car，一項提到food。本題可能考查火車上的就餐服務，并且涉及其支付方式。

2. 四項描述的都是不好的事情。

? 解析：講話中提到，克萊爾在乘坐火車旅行時被告知餐車不接受信用卡支付方式。也就是說，餐車只接受現(xiàn)金支付，故選C。A、B兩項講話中沒有提及；講話中說火車上的餐飲不能使用信用卡支付，并不是說火車上不提供餐飲服務，故排除D。

22. A) By drawing money week by week.

B) By putting money into envelopes.

C) By limiting their day-to-day spending.

D) By refusing to buy anything on credit.

Q: How did people of the last generation budget their spending?

A）通過每周都取錢。

B）通過把錢放進信封。

C）通過限制他們的日常開銷。

D）通過拒絕賒賬購買任何東西。

問：上一代人是如何對開銷進行預算的？

? 解題思路：四項都以by開頭，由此推斷本題考查某類人做某事的方法。

? 解析：講話中提到，巴雷特說，她父母年輕的時候常常通過把錢放進信封里的方式來做預算，故選B。用這種方式來做預算，他們就能知道接下來的每周必須要花多少錢，而不是說他們每周都取錢，故排除選項A；選項C和D都不是上一代人預算開銷的方法，故排除。

Recording Three

聽力原文&譯文

Why should you consider taking a course in demography in college? You'll be growing up in the generation where the baby boomers are going into retirement and dying. You will face problems in the aging of the population that have never been faced before. You will hear more and more about migration between countries and between rural areas and cities. You need to understand as a citizen and as a tax payer and as a voter what's really behind the arguments.

I want to tell you about the past, present and future of the human population. [23]So let's start with a few problems. Right now, a billion people are chronically hungry. That means they wake up hungry, they are hungry all day, and they go to sleep hungry. A billion people are living in slums, not the same billion people, but there is some overlap. Living in slums means they don't have infrastructure to take the garbage away; they don't have secure water supplies to drink.

Nearly a billion people are illiterate. Try to imagine your life being illiterate. You can't read the labels on the bottles in the supermarket, if you can get to a supermarket. Two-thirds of those people who are illiterate are women and about 200 to 215 million women don't have access to birth control they want, so that they can control their own fertility. This is not only a problem in developing countries. [24]About half of all pregnancies globally are unintended. So those are examples of population problems.

Demography gives you the tools to understand and to address these problems. It's not only the study of human population, but the populations of non-human species, including viruses like influenza, the bacteria in your gut, plants that you eat, animals that you enjoy or that provide you with meat. Demography also includes the study of non-living objects like light bulbs and taxi cabs, and buildings because these are also populations. It studies these populations, in the past, present and future, using quantitative data and mathematical models as tools of analysis.

I see demography as a central subject related to economics. [25]It is the means to intervene more wisely and more effectively in the real world, to improve the wellbeing, not only of yourself—important as that may be—but of people around you and of other species with whom we share the planet.

你為什么考慮在大學學習人口統(tǒng)計學的課程？你將會是成長的一代人，而與此同時，嬰兒潮一代人即將退休和死亡。你將面臨前所未有的人口老齡化問題。你將聽說越來越多的有關國家間以及農(nóng)村和城市間的移民問題。作為一名公民、納稅人和選民，你需要理解那些論點背后真正的現(xiàn)實。

我想告訴你們有關人類的過去、現(xiàn)在和未來。[23]那么我們先從幾個問題開始吧。目前，有10億人口長期處于饑餓狀態(tài)。這意味著他們會餓醒，餓一整天，然后餓著肚子去睡覺。10億人口生活在貧民窟，這兩類人不是同一批人，但也有一些重疊的部分。住在貧民窟意味著他們沒有基礎設施去清走垃圾；他們沒有安全的飲用水供應。

將近10億人是文盲。試著想象一下你是文盲的話生活會是什么樣子。你看不懂超市里瓶子上的標簽，如果你能去超市的話。三分之二的文盲是女性，大約2~2.15億女性無法采取她們想要的避孕措施以控制自己的生育能力。這不僅僅是發(fā)展中國家存在的問題。[24]全球大約一半的懷孕是意外發(fā)生的。所以這些就是人口問題的例子。

人口統(tǒng)計學可以為你們提供理解和解決這些問題的工具。這不僅是對人口數(shù)量的研究，還是對非人類物種數(shù)量的研究，包括像流感這樣的病毒、腸道內(nèi)的細菌、你所食用的植物、你所喜愛或為你們提供肉類的動物。人口統(tǒng)計學還包括對非生物物體的研究，如燈泡、出租車和建筑物，因為這些也都與人口數(shù)量有關。它用定量數(shù)據(jù)和數(shù)學模型作為分析工具，研究這些過去、現(xiàn)在和將來的生物族群。

我把人口統(tǒng)計學看作是與經(jīng)濟學相關的一個中心議題。[25]這是介入現(xiàn)實世界更明智、更有效的手段，目的是不僅改善你們自己的福祉——盡管也許這很重要——而且也包括你周圍的人以及與我們共享這個星球的其他物種的福祉。

23. A) Population explosion.

B) Extinction of rare species.

C) Chronic hunger.

D) Environmental deterioration.

Q: What is one of the problems the speaker mentions in his talk?

A）人口爆炸。

B）稀有物種的滅絕。

C）長期的饑餓。

D）環(huán)境惡化。

問：講話者在講座中提到的問題之一是什么？

? 解題思路：四個選項均為名詞性短語，且描述的都是負面狀況，可推測本題應該是考查目前存在的問題。聽音時應重點關注相關信息。

? 解析：講話者在引入話題之后說：“那么我們先從幾個問題開始吧。目前，有10億人口長期處于饑餓狀態(tài)。”可知講話者提出的第一個問題便是饑餓問題，因此本題選C項。講座中提到了人口統(tǒng)計學研究的對象，提到了對人口數(shù)量的研究，但并沒有說到人口爆炸問題，故排除A項。B和D兩項講座中也沒有提及，可排除。

24.A) About half of them are unintended.

B) They contribute to overpopulation.

C) They have been brought under control.

D) The majority of them tend to end halfway.

Q: What does the speaker say about pregnancies?

A）其中大約一半是意外發(fā)生的。

B）它們造成了人口過剩。

C）它們已經(jīng)得到控制。

D）其中多數(shù)往往在中途終止。

問：關于懷孕，講話者說了什么？

? 解題思路：四項均為陳述句，各項的關鍵信息分別為：unintended, overpopulation, under control, end halfway。聽音時應將重點放在與各個選項的關鍵信息相關的內(nèi)容上。

? 解析：在提到第二個問題“文盲”時，講話者說大約2~2.15億女性無法采取避孕措施，大約一半的懷孕都是意外發(fā)生的。故本題選A項。其余三項講座中均沒有提及，都可排除。

25.A) It is beginning to attract postgraduates' attention.

B) It is neglected in many of the developing countries.

C) It is becoming a subject of interdisciplinary research.

D) It is essential to the wellbeing of all species on earth.

Q: How does the speaker view the study of populations?

A）它開始吸引研究生的注意力。

B）它在許多發(fā)展中國家被忽視。

C）它即將成為跨學科研究的課題。

D）它對地球上所有物種的福祉來說是至關重要的。

問：講話者是如何看待人口研究的？

? 解題思路：四個選項均以it作主語，各項的關鍵信息分別為：attract postgraduates' attention, neglected in...developing countries, subject of interdisciplinary research, wellbeing of all species on earth。聽音時應首先確定it的指代對象，然后將重點放在與各個選項的關鍵信息相關的內(nèi)容上。

? 解析：講座最后提到，人口統(tǒng)計學是介入現(xiàn)實世界更明智、更有效的手段，不僅可以改善我們自己的福祉，還可以改善我們周圍的人及地球上其他物種的福祉。因此，D項符合題意。其他三項講座中均沒有提及，故排除。