Part II Listening Comprehension

Section A

Conversation One

聽力原文&譯文

M: Guess what? The worst food I've ever had was in France.

W: Really? That's odd. [1]I thought the French were all good cooks.

M: Yes, that's right. I suppose it's really like anywhere else, though. You know, some places are good, some bad. But it's really all our own thought.

W: What do you mean?

M: Well, it was the first time I've been to France. This was years ago when I was at school. [2]I went there with my parents' friends from my father's school. They'd hired a coach to take them to Switzerland.

W: A school trip?

M: Right. Most of them had never been abroad before. We crossed the English Channel at night and we set off through France. And breakfast time arrived, and the coach driver had arranged for us to stop at this little café. There we all were, tired and hungry, and then we made the great discovery.

W: What was that?

M: Bacon and eggs.

W: Fantastic. The real English breakfast.

M: Yes. Anyway, we didn't know any better. So we had it, and ugh...

W: What was it like? Disgusting?

M: Ah, it was incredible. They just got a bowel and put some fat in it. And then they put some bacon in the fat, broken egg over the top, and put the whole lot in the oven for about ten minutes.

W: In the oven? You are joking. You can't cook bacon and eggs in the oven.

M: Well, they must have done it that way. It was hot, but it wasn't cooked. There were just this egg floating about in gallons of fat and raw bacon.

W: [3]Did you actually eat it?

M: [3]No, nobody did. They wanted to turn around and go home, you know, back to tea bags and fish and chips. You can't blame them, really. Anyway, the next night, we were all given another foreign specialty.

W: What was that?

M: Snails. [4]That really finished them off. Lovely holiday that was.

男：你猜怎么著？我在法國吃到了自己吃過的最難吃的食物。

女：真的嗎？那挺奇怪的。[1]我以為法國人都是好廚師。

男：是的，確實如此。不過，我認為這和其他地方很相似。你也知道，有些地方很好，有些地方不太好。但是這也確實是我們自己的想法。

女：你是什么意思？

男：嗯，那是我第一次去法國。那是很多年前的事了，當時我還在上學。[2]我和父母的朋友一起去的那里，他們來自我父親所在的學校。他們租了一輛長途汽車帶他們去瑞士。

女：學校旅行？

男：對。他們大多數人以前都沒有出過國。我們在晚上穿越了英吉利海峽，然后出發去法國。早餐時間到了，長途汽車司機安排我們在一家小餐館停留。到了那里，我們又累又餓，過后我們有了重大的發現。

女：什么發現？

男：培根和雞蛋。

女：太好了。那是真正的英式早餐。

男：是的。不管怎樣，我們當時并不知道還有什么比這更好的。然后我們吃了，結果，呃……

女：味道如何？不好吃？

男：嗯，簡直不可思議。他們就是在一個碗里放了些食用油，然后將一些培根放在食用油上，再把打散的雞蛋澆在最上面，最后全部將這些放在微波爐里加熱了十分鐘左右。

女：在微波爐里？你開玩笑的吧。不能在微波爐里加熱培根和雞蛋。

男：嗯，他們肯定是那樣做的。飯很熱，但是沒熟。就是雞蛋浮在大量的食物油和生培根上。

女：[3]你們真的吃了嗎？

男：[3]不，沒有人吃。他們想掉頭回家，你懂的，回到喝茶、吃魚和薯條的生活。真的不能怪他們。無論如何，第二天晚上，餐館又給我們上了一道外國特色菜。

女：是什么？

男：蝸牛。[4]那真的讓他們徹底崩潰了。可真是“令人愉快”的假期。

1. A) They were all good at cooking.

B) They were particular about food.

C) They were proud of their cuisine.

D) They were fond of bacon and eggs.

Q: What did the woman think of the French?

A）他們都擅長烹飪。

B）他們對食物很挑剔。

C）他們對他們的烹飪引以為豪。

D）他們很喜歡培根和雞蛋

問：這位女士是如何評價法國人的？

? 聽前預測：

1. 四項均以they開頭。

2. 四項提到的內容均與飲食相關。

3. 兩項與個人喜好相關（particular about, fond of）。

結論：該題可能考查they的某種特點。聽音時首先要確定they所指代的對象，然后結合選項做出判斷。

? 解析：根據女士所提到的“I thought the French were all good cooks （我認為法國人都是好廚師）”可知，A項“他們都擅長烹飪”是正確答案。

2. A) His parents.

B) His friends.

C) His schoolmates.

D) His parents' friends.

Q: Who did the man travel with on his first trip to Switzerland?

A）他的父母。

B）他的朋友。

C）他的校友。

D）他父母的朋友。

問：男士第一次去瑞士旅行是和誰一起？

? 聽前預測：

1. 四項均為名詞短語。

2. 四項提到的人物均與he有關系。

結論：該題可能考查與男士有關的人。聽音時要注意聽與男士相關的人物。

? 解析：根據男士所說的“我和父母的朋友一起去的那里，他們來自我父親的學校。他們租了一輛長途汽車帶他們去瑞士”可知，男士是和他父母的朋友一起去的瑞士，故D項為正確答案。

3. A) No tea was served with the meal.

B) It was the real English breakfast.

C) No one of the group ate it.

D) It was a little overcooked.

Q: What does the man say about the breakfast at the little French café?

A）早飯期間沒有茶水提供。

B）那是一頓真正的英式早餐。

C）旅行團里沒有人吃。

D）有一點烹飪過度了。

問：關于那家法國小餐館的早餐，男士說了什么？

? 聽前預測：

1. 四項提到的內容均與飲食相關。

2. 三項提到了it。

結論：該題可能考查某些人對it的評價。聽音時首先要確定it所指代的事物，然后再結合選項注意聽有關人士對it評價的句子。

? 解析：男士首先提到了法國小餐館的早餐——培根和雞蛋，然后介紹了早餐的制作過程和味道，通過女士的提問（你們吃了嗎？）及男士的回答“不，沒有人吃。”可知，選項C為正確答案。選項B是女士聽到男士說“培根和雞蛋”后做出的判斷，并不是男士的說法，故該項錯誤。

4. A) It was full of excitement.

B) It was really extraordinary.

C) It was a risky experience.

D) It was rather disappointing.

Q: What did the man think of his holiday in France?

A）充滿了刺激。

B）非常特別。

C）是一次冒險的體驗。

D）相當令人失望。

問：男士認為他在法國的假期如何？

? 聽前預測：四項均以it開頭，都是對it的主觀描述。

結論：該題可能考查某人對it的看法或態度。聽音時首先要確定it所指代的事物，然后再結合選項做出判斷。

? 解析：男士在對話最后提到了“真是‘令人愉快’的假期”，但根據前文男士對法國食物的印象，尤其是“That really finished them off（那真的讓他們徹底崩潰了）”可推測出，他不喜歡他在法國的假期，因此D項為正確答案。男士最后提到的“真是‘令人愉快’的假期”是一種諷刺。

Conversation Two

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M: [5]You say your shop has been doing well. Could you give me some idea of what “doing well”means and facts and figures?

W: Well, [5]doing well means averaging 1,200 pounds or more a week for about seven years, making almost a quarter of a million pounds. And doing well means your earnings are rising. Last year, we did slightly over 50,000 and this year we hope to do more than 60,000. So that's good, if we continue to rise.

M: Now, that's gross earnings, I assume. What about your expenses?

W: Yes, that's gross. The expenses of course go up steadily. And since we've moved to this new shop, the expenses have increased greatly because it's a much bigger shop. So I couldn't say exactly what our expenses are. There's something in the region of six or seven thousand pounds a year, which is not high. Commercially speaking, it's fairly low. [6]And we try to keep our expenses as low as we can.

M: [7]And your prices are much lower than the same goods in the shops round about. How do the local shopkeepers feel about having a shop doing so well in their midst?

W: Perhaps a lot of them don't realize how well we are doing, because we don't make a point of publicizing. That was a lesson we learned very early on. We were very friendly with all local shopkeepers and we happened to mention to a local shopkeeper how much we had made that week. He was very unhappy and never as friendly again. [8]So we make a point of never publicizing the amount of money we make. But we're on very good terms with all the shops. None of them have ever complained that we are putting them out of business or anything like that. I think it's a nice friendly relationship. [8]Maybe if they did know what we made, perhaps they wouldn't be so friendly.

男：[5]你說你的店鋪一直經營得很好。你能解釋一下怎樣才叫“經營得好”并提供一些事實和數據嗎？

女：嗯，[5]“經營得好”是指大約七年內每周平均能賺1200英鎊或更多，總計賺了近25萬英鎊。“經營得好”意味著你的收入在增長。去年我們的收入略微超過五萬英鎊，今年我們希望能超過六萬英鎊。如果我們的收入能繼續增長的話，經營狀況會很好。

男：現在，我認為這些都是毛利。你們的開銷怎么樣？

女：是的，這確實是毛利。開銷當然也會穩步增長。自從我們搬到這家新店以來，開銷增加了很多，因為店面擴大了不少。因此我不能確切地說具體的開銷是多少。大概是每年6000~7000英鎊，不算高。從商業方面講，這相當低了。[6]我們嘗試盡可能降低開銷。

男：[7]你店里商品的價格比周圍店里相同商品的價格低得多。附近有家經營得這么好的店，那些當地的店主對此有何感想？

女：也許他們中的很多人都沒有意識到我們經營得有多好，因為我們沒特意宣傳。這是我們很早之前學到的教訓。我們對當地所有的店主都很友好，然后無意間跟一位當地店主提到了我們那周的收入。他就不是很開心，而且對我們也不那么友好了。[8]因此我們特別強調絕不向外透露我們賺了多少錢。但是我們和所有店鋪的關系都很好。沒有一家店鋪曾抱怨我們搶了他們的生意或類似的事情。我認為這是非常友好的關系。[8]如果他們知道我們賺了多少錢，也許就不會這么友好了。

5. A) The woman's relationship with other shops.

B) The business success of the woman's shop.

C) The key to running a shop at a low cost.

D) The woman's earnings over the years.

Q: What are the speakers mainly talking about?

A）女士與其他店鋪的關系。

B）女士店鋪生意的成功。

C）低成本經營店鋪的秘訣。

D）這些年女士的收入。

問：說話者主要談論的是什么？

? 聽前預測：

1. 四項均是名詞短語，推測本題可能以what提問。

2. 三項內容涉及與女士相關的信息（relationship with other shops, business success of the woman's shop及the woman's earnings）。

3. 兩項與經營店鋪相關（business success與key to running a shop）。

結論：該題可能以what提問，考查與女士相關的信息。

? 解析：根據男士所說的“你說你的店鋪經營得很好”及接下來女士對“經營得好”這個概念的解釋可知，對話者談論的主要是女士店鋪生意的成功，故B項為正確答案。A、C、D三項均是兩人就“經營得好”這個概念討論中的具體細節，均不能概括對話的大意，故排除。

6. A) Improve its customer service.

B) Expand its business scale.

C) Keep down its expenses.

D) Upgrade the goods it sells.

Q: What does the woman say her shop tries to do?

A）改善客戶服務。

B）拓展業務范圍。

C）降低開銷。

D）提升所銷售的商品的品質。

問：女士說她的店鋪在努力做什么？

? 聽前預測：

1. 四項均以動詞原形開頭。

2. 四項內容均與經營店鋪相關。

結論：該題可能考查與店鋪經營相關的信息。

? 解析：根據女士所說的“我們嘗試盡可能降低開銷”可知，C項為正確答案。A、B、D三項對話中沒有提及，因此排除。

7. A) They are sold at lower prices than in other shops.

B) They are very popular with the local residents.

C) They are delivered free of charge.

D) They are in great demand.

Q: What do we learn about the goods sold at the woman's shop?

A）它們比其他店鋪的賣得便宜。

B）它們在當地居民中很受歡迎。

C）它們可以免費配送。

D）它們的需求量很大。

問：關于女士店鋪銷售的商品，我們了解到什么？

? 聽前預測：

1. 四項均以they開頭。

2. 三項內容均與店鋪里的商品相關（sold at lower prices, popular with the local residents及in great demand）。

結論：該題可能考查與店鋪里的商品相關的信息。聽音時首先要確定they的指代內容，然后要注意對話中與店鋪里的商品相關的信息。

? 解析：根據男士所說的“你店里商品的價格比周圍店里相同商品的價格低得多”可知，A項為正確答案。B、C、D三項在對話中均沒有提及，故排除。

8. A) To follow the custom of the local shopkeepers.

B) To attract more customers in the neighborhood.

C) To avoid being put out of business in competition.

D) To maintain friendly relationships with other shops.

Q: Why doesn't the woman want to make known their earnings anymore?

A）遵循當地店主的習俗。

B）吸引附近更多的顧客。

C）避免在競爭中破產。

D）與其他店鋪保持友好的關系。

問：為什么女士不想再讓別人知道她的店的收入？

? 聽前預測：

1. 四項均以動詞不定式開頭，可能考查的是原因或目的。

2. 兩項內容與店鋪間的關系相關（follow the custom of the local shopkeepers與maintain friendly relationships），兩項內容與店鋪的經營策略相關（attract more customers與avoid being put out of business in competition）。

結論：該題可能考查店鋪實施某個經營策略的原因。

? 解析：在對話末尾，女士說：“我們特別強調絕不向外透露我們賺了多少錢。如果他們知道我們賺了多少錢，也許就不會這么友好了。”由此可推知，女士不想讓別人知道她賺了多少錢是為了與其他店鋪保持友好的關系，故D項是正確答案。

Section B

Passage One

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Birds are famous for carrying things around. Some, like homing pigeons, can be trained to deliver messages and packages. Other birds unknowingly carry seeds that cling to them for the ride. Canadian scientists have found a worrisome new example of the power that birds have to spread stuff around. [9]Way up north in the Canadian Arctic, seabirds are picking up dangerous chemicals in the ocean and delivering them to ponds near where the birds live. Some 10,000 pairs of the birds called fulmars, a kind of arctic seabird, make their nests on Devon Island, north of the Arctic Circle. [10]The fulmars travel some 400 kilometres over the sea to find food. When they returned home, their droppings end up all around their nesting sites, including in nearby ponds. [11]Previously, scientists noticed pollutants arriving in the Arctic with the wind. Salmon also carry dangerous chemicals as the fish migrate between rivers and the sea. The bodies of fish and other meat eaters can build up high levels of the chemicals. To test the polluting power of fulmars, researchers collected samples of deposit from 11 ponds on Devon Island. In ponds closest to the colony, the results showed there were far more pollutants than in ponds less affected by the birds. The pollutants in the ponds appear to come from fish that fulmars eat when they are out on the ocean. People who live, hunt or fish near bird colonies need to be careful, the researchers say. [12]The birds don't mean to cause harm, but the chemicals they carry can cause major problems.

鳥類以攜帶東西飛往各處而聞名。有些鳥類，比如信鴿，經過訓練可以傳遞消息和包裹。其他鳥類不知不覺地攜帶著附著在身上的種子飛行。關于鳥類向各處散播東西的本領，加拿大科學家已經發現了一個令人擔憂的新例子。[9]在加拿大北極地區往北的區域，海鳥正在撿拾海洋上的危險化學物，并把它們運往鳥類棲息地區附近的池塘中。大約有一萬對名叫管鼻藿的北極海鳥把它們的巢筑在北極圈以北的德文島。[10]管鼻藿在海上飛行大約400公里去覓食。當它們返回家中時，它們身上黏附的東西都落在筑巢的地方，包括附近的池塘。[11]科學家以前就發現污染物隨風飄到了北極。三文魚在河流與海洋間洄游時也會攜帶危險的化學物質。魚類和其他食肉動物的體內會積聚含量很高的化學物質。為了檢測管鼻藿的污染力度，研究人員收集了德文島上11個池塘中的沉積物的樣本。研究結果顯示，離這些海鳥棲息地最近的池塘中的污染物要遠遠多于那些受這些鳥類影響較小的池塘中的污染物。池塘中的污染物似乎來自管鼻藿飛往海洋時所吃的魚。研究人員說，在鳥類棲息地附近生活、打獵或捕魚的人們要小心謹慎。[12]這些鳥類并不是有意要制造傷害，但是它們攜帶的化學物質卻能夠引起巨大的麻煩。

9. A) They can be used to deliver messages in times of emergency.

B) They deliver pollutants from the ocean to their nesting sites.

C) They carry plant seeds and spread them to faraway places.

D) They are on the verge of extinction because of pollution.

Q: What have Canadian scientists found about some seabirds?

A）它們可以在緊急時被用來傳遞消息。

B）它們把污染物從海洋攜帶到它們筑巢的地方。

C）它們攜帶植物的種子并把它們散播到遙遠的地方。

D）它們由于污染而瀕臨滅絕。

問：關于有些海鳥，加拿大科學家發現了什么？

? 解題思路：

1. 四項都以they開頭。

2. 兩項含有pollutants或pollution。

結論：本題考查的內容與they有關，可能涉及they的價值或生存狀況，可能是文章的某個細節，也有可能是文章的主旨。聽音時應注意判斷they的指代對象，并將重點放在四個選項的關鍵信息上（deliver messages, deliver pollutants, carry plant seeds, pollution）。

? 解析：短文開頭提到，“關于鳥類向各處散播東西的本領，加拿大科學家已經發現了一個令人擔憂的新例子。”接著展開說，“在加拿大北極地區往北的區域，海鳥正在撿拾海洋上的危險化學物，并把它們運往鳥類棲息地區附近的池塘中。”由此可知選項B正確。被訓練用來傳遞消息的是信鴿，并不是某些海鳥，而且信鴿傳遞消息也不是加拿大科學家發現的，所以選項A不正確；鳥類攜帶并散播種子是事實，但這也不是加拿大科學家發現的，所以選項C不正確；選項D在講話中沒有被提及，故不可選。

10. A) They migrate to the Arctic Circle during the summer.

B) They originate from Devon Island in the Arctic area.

C) They travel as far as 400 kilometers in search of food.

D) They have the ability to survive in extreme weathers.

Q: What does the speaker say about the seabirds called fulmars?

A）它們在夏季遷徙至北極圈。

B）它們誕生于北極地區的德文島。

C）它們飛行多達400公里去覓食。

D）它們在極端天氣中有生存的能力。

問：關于名叫管鼻藿的海鳥，講話者說了什么？

? 解題思路：

1. 四項都以they開頭。

2. 兩項含有the Arctic Circle或the Arctic area，一項含有extreme weathers。

結論：本題考查的內容與they有關，可能涉及they的生活習性，很可能是文章的某個細節。聽音時應注意判斷they的指代對象，并將重點放在四個選項的關鍵信息上（migrate to the Arctic Circle, originate from Devon Island, in search of food, survive in extreme weathers）。

? 解析：短文中間部分提到，“管鼻藿在海上飛行大約400公里去覓食。”由此可知選項C正確。其他選項在講話中均未被提及，故都不可選。

11. A) They were carried by the wind.

B) They had become more poisonous.

C) They were less than on the continent.

D) They poisoned some of the fulmars.

Q: What did scientists previously notice about pollutants in the Arctic?

A）它們是隨風而來的。

B）它們的毒性變得更大。

C）它們比大陸上的少。

D）它們毒死了一些管鼻藿。

問：關于北極地區的污染物，科學家以前發現了什么？

? 解題思路：

1. 四項都以they開頭。

2. 兩項含有poisonous或poisoned。

結論：本題考查的內容與they有關，可能涉及they的來歷或性質，很可能是文章的某個細節。聽音時應注意判斷they的指代對象，并將重點放在四個選項的關鍵信息上（carried by the wind, more poisonous, less than on the continent, poisoned some of the fulmars）。

? 解析：短文中間部分提到，“科學家以前就發現污染物隨風飄到了北極。”由此可知選項A正確。其他選項在講話中均未被提及，故都不可選。

12. A) The threats humans pose to Arctic seabirds.

B) The diminishing colonies for Arctic seabirds.

C) The harm Arctic seabirds may cause to humans.

D) The effects of the changing climate on Arctic seabirds.

Q: What does the speaker warn about at the end of the talk?

A）人類對北極海鳥造成的威脅。

B）北極海鳥逐漸減少的棲息地。

C）北極海鳥可能給人類造成的傷害。

D）變化的氣候給北極海鳥帶來的影響。

問：在講話的結尾，講話者提出了什么警告？

? 解題思路：

1. 四項都是名詞短語。

2. 四項都含有Arctic seabirds。

3. 三項都含有表示消極意義的詞（threats, diminishing, harm）。

4. 兩項含有humans。

結論：本題考查的內容可能是一個看法、一種觀點或一個結論，可能是文章的某個細節，也有可能是文章的主旨。聽音時應將重點放在四個選項的關鍵信息上（threats, diminishing colonies, harm, effects）。

? 解析：短文最后部分提到，“這些鳥類并不是有意要制造傷害，但是它們攜帶的化學物質卻能夠引起巨大的麻煩。”由此可知選項C正確。在文章結尾，講話者只提出了海鳥威脅人類的警告，因此其他項都不可選。

Passage Two

聽力原文&譯文

[13]In recent years, the death rate among American centenarians—people who have lived to age 100 or older—has decreased, dropping 14 percent for women and 20 percent for men from 2008 to 2014. The leading causes of death in this age group are also changing.

In 2000, the top five causes of death for centenarians were heart disease, stroke, flu, cancer and Alzheimer's disease. [14]But by 2014, the death rate from Alzheimer's disease for this age group had more than doubled—increasing from 3.8 percent to 8.5 percent—making the progressive brain disease the second leading cause of death for centenarians.

One reason for the rise in deaths from Alzheimer's disease in this group may be that developing this condition remains possible even after people beat the odds of dying from other diseases such as cancer.

People physically fit enough to survive over 100 years ultimately give in to diseases, such as Alzheimer's, which affects the mind and cognitive function. [15]In other words, it appears that minds give out before their bodies do. On the other hand, the death rate from flu dropped from 7.4 percent in 2000 to 4.1 percent in 2014. That pushed flu from the third leading cause of death to the fifth.

Overall, the total number of centenarians is going up. In 2014, there were 72,197 centenarians, compared to 50,281 in 2000. But because this population is getting larger, the number of deaths in this group is also increasing—18,434 centenarians died in 2000, whereas 25,914 died in 2014.

[13]近年來，美國百歲老人——活到100歲或100歲以上的人——的死亡率降低了，從2008年到2014年女性死亡率降低了14%，男性降低了20%。這個年齡段的主要死亡原因也在發生變化。

2000年，百歲老人的五種主要死亡原因分別是心臟病、中風、流感、癌癥和阿爾茲海默病。[14]但是截止到2014年，這個年齡段的人因阿爾茲海默病引起的死亡率翻了一倍多——從3.8%增加到8.5%——使這種患者越來越多的大腦疾病成為引起百歲老人死亡的第二大主因。

這個年齡群體因阿爾茲海默病導致的死亡率升高的一個原因可能在于，即使人們戰勝了其他諸如癌癥的疾病而活下來，患這種病的可能性仍然存在。

身體足夠健康的人活到了100多歲，最終卻患上了像阿爾茲海默病這種影響大腦和認知功能的疾病。[15]換句話說，似乎是大腦先于身體衰竭了。另一方面，流感引起的死亡率從2000年的7.4%下降到2014年的4.1%，使得流感從第三大主要死亡原因變成第五大主因。

總體來看，百歲老人的總數在增加。2014年，共有72197位百歲老人，相比之下，2000年只有50281位。但是，由于這個群體在不斷壯大，其死亡人數也在逐漸增加——2000年共有18434位百歲老人去世，而2014年則有25914位老人去世。

13. A) It has decreased.

B) It has been exaggerated.

C) It has become better understood.

D) It has remained basically the same.

Q: What does the speaker say about the risk of dying for American centenarians in recent years?

A）它降低了。

B）它被夸大了。

C）它變得更好理解了。

D）它基本上保持不變。

問：關于近年來美國百歲老人的死亡風險，講話者說了什么？

? 解題思路：

1. 四項都以it開頭。

2. 三項含有表示減少、擴大、不變的詞。

結論：本題考查的內容可能是一種趨勢、一個看法、一種觀點或一個結論，可能是文章的某個細節，也有可能是文章的主旨。聽音時應注意判斷it指代的對象，并將重點放在四個選項的關鍵信息上（decreased, exaggerated, better understood, remained basically the same）。

? 解析：文章開頭部分提到，近年來美國百歲老人的死亡率降低了。由此可知選項A正確。

14. A) It develops more easily in centenarians not actively engaged.

B) It is now the second leading cause of death for centenarians.

C) It has had no effective cure so far.

D) It calls for more intensive research.

Q: What does the speaker say about Alzheimer's disease?

A）生活不積極的百歲老人更容易患上這種病。

B）它是目前百歲老人死亡的第二大主因。

C）至今它仍然沒有有效的療法。

D）它需要更加深入的研究。

問：關于阿爾茲海默病，講話者說了什么？

? 解題思路：

1. 四項都以it開頭。

2. 兩項含有centenarians。

結論：本題考查的內容與it的現狀或性質有關，可能是文章的某個細節，也有可能是文章的主旨。聽音時應注意判斷it指代的對象，以及it與centenarians的關系，并將重點放在四個選項的關鍵信息上（not actively engaged, second leading cause of death, no effective cure, more intensive research）。

? 解析：文章前半部分提到，但是截止到2014年，這個年齡段的人因阿爾茲海默病引起的死亡率翻了一倍多……使這種患者越來越多的大腦疾病成為引起百歲老人死亡的第二大主因。由此可知選項B正確。其他三個選項短文中均未提及，故都不可選。

15. A) They care more about their physical health.

B) Their quality of life deteriorates rapidly.

C) Their minds fail before their bodies do.

D) They cherish their life more than ever.

Q: What is characteristic of people who live up to 100 years and beyond?

A）他們更加關心自己的身體健康。

B）他們的生活質量在迅速下降。

C）他們的大腦先于身體衰竭。

D）他們比以往任何時候都更加珍惜生命。

問：活到100歲及以上的人有什么特點？

? 解題思路：

1. 四項都以they或their開頭。

2. 兩項含有life，一項含有physical health，一項含有minds和bodies。

結論：本題考查的內容可能是they的某種特點，可能是一種看法或結論。聽音時應注意判斷they或their指代的對象，并將重點放在四個選項的關鍵信息上（physical health, quality of life, minds fail, cherish their life）。

? 解析：文章后半部分提到，“身體足夠健康的人活到了100多歲，最終卻患上了像阿爾茲海默病這種影響大腦和認知功能的疾病。換句話說，似乎是大腦先于身體衰竭了。”由此可知選項C正確。其他三個選項短文中均未提及，故都不可選。

Section C

Recording One

聽力原文&譯文

OK. So let's get started. And to start things off, I think what we need to do is consider a definition. [16]I'm going to define what love is, but then most of the experiments I'm going to talk about are really focused more on attraction than love. And I'm going to pick a definition from a former colleague, Robert Sternberg, who is now the dean of Tufts University, but was here on our faculty at Yale for nearly 30 years. And he has a theory of love that argues that it's made up of three components: intimacy, passion and commitment, or what is sometimes called decision commitment. And these are relatively straightforward. He argued that you don't have love if you don't have all three of these elements.

Intimacy is the feeling of closeness, of connectedness with someone, of bonding. Operationally, you could think of intimacy as you share secrets; you share information with this person that you don't share with anybody else. OK, that's really what intimacy is, the bond that comes from sharing information that isn't shared with other people. The second element is passion. Passion is the drive that leads to romance. You can think of it as physical attraction and Sternberg argues that this is a required component of a love relationship.

The third element of love in Sternberg's theory is what he calls decision commitment, the decision that one is in a love relationship, the willingness to label it as such and the commitment to maintain that relationship, at least for some period of time. [17]Sternberg would argue it's not love if you don't call it love and if you don't have some desire to maintain the relationship. So if you have all three of these, intimacy, passion and commitment, in Sternberg's theory you have love. [18]Now what's interesting about the theory is what do you have if you only have one out of three or two out of three, what do you have and how is it different if you have a different two out of three. What's interesting about this kind of theorizing is it gives rise to many different combinations that can be quite interesting when you break them down and start to look at them carefully. So what I've done is I've taken Sternberg's three elements of love, intimacy, passion and commitment, and I've listed out the different kinds of relationships you would have if you had zero, one, two or three out of the three elements.

好的。那么我們開始吧。首先，我想我們需要思考一個定義。[16]我打算給愛情下個定義，但我接下來要提到的大部分實驗其實都更加關注吸引力，而不是愛情。我要借鑒前同事羅伯特·斯滕伯格給愛情下的定義，他現在是塔夫斯大學的系主任，但曾在我們耶魯大學做了近30年的教員。他提出了一個關于愛情的理論，認為愛情由三個因素構成：親密、激情和承諾（或者有時也被稱作決定性承諾）。這些因素是相對明確的。他認為，如果沒有具備這完整的三個因素，就不會擁有愛情。

親密是與人親近、與人有聯系、與人結合的感覺。在行動上，你可以把親密關系理解為分享秘密，你把不會與其他任何人分享的秘密告訴這個人。是的，這確實是親密，這種親密關系源于與其分享不與他人分享的信息。第二個因素是激情。激情是浪漫的驅動力。你可以認為它是身體的吸引力，斯滕伯格認為這是愛情關系中的一個必備因素。

在斯滕伯格的理論中，第三個成就愛情關系的因素是其所說的決定性承諾：一個人決定處于愛情關系之中，愿意將其定義為愛情關系，并承諾維持這種關系至少一段時間。[17]斯滕伯格認為，如果你不將其稱為愛情，并且沒有維持這種關系的意愿，那它就不是愛情。因此，如果這三個因素你都具備：親密、激情和承諾，那么在斯滕伯格的理論中，你便獲得了愛情。[18]而關于這個理論有一點非常有趣：假如你只擁有這三個因素中的一個或兩個因素，你獲得的是什么感情？擁有兩個因素的不同組合時，你又會獲得什么樣的感情，以及這些感情有什么不同？這種理論的有趣之處在于：它會產生很多不同的組合，當你把這些組合推翻，并開始對它們進行仔細研究時，會非常有意思。所以我所做的就是分析斯滕伯格所定義的有關愛情的三個因素——親密、激情和承諾，然后列舉出你在并不擁有任何一個因素，以及擁有一個、兩個或三個因素時所獲得的不同類型的感情。

16. A) They are focused more on attraction than love.

B) They were done by his former colleague at Yale.

C) They were carried out over a period of some thirty years.

D) They form the basis on which he builds his theory of love.

Q: What does the speaker say about most of the experiments mentioned in his talk?

A）它們更關注吸引力而不是愛情。

B）它們是由他耶魯大學的前同事做的。

C）它們開展了大約30年的時間。

D）它們形成了他構建其愛情理論的基礎。

問：關于講話中提到的大部分實驗，講話者說了什么？

? 解題思路：

1. 四項都以they開頭，兩項是現在時，兩項是過去時。聽音時要注意聽清they的指代對象。

2. 一項提到love，一項提到theory of love，本題很可能考查與愛情理論相關的內容。

? 解析：本題問講話者說了有關他提到的大部分實驗的什么內容。講話者在一開始便說，他想給愛情下個定義，但接下來要提到的大部分實驗其實都更加關注吸引力，而不是愛情。很明顯，選項A的說法與此一致，故為正確答案。講話者借鑒了曾在耶魯大學任教的一位前同事對愛情的定義，而不是這位前同事做了這些實驗，故排除選項B。選項C中的30年是他的前同事在耶魯大學任教的時間，故排除。是他的這位前同事提出了關于愛情的理論，而不是講話者構建了這個理論，故選項D也排除。

17. A) The relationship cannot last long if no passion is involved.

B) Intimacy is essential but not absolutely indispensable to love.

C) It is not love if you don't wish to maintain the relationship.

D) Romance is just impossible without mutual understanding.

Q: What does Robert Sternberg argue about love?

A）如果沒有激情，愛情關系就不能長久。

B）親密對于愛情來說很重要，但也不是絕對必不可少的。

C）如果你不想維持這種關系，它就不是愛情。

D）沒有互相理解，就不可能會有浪漫的感覺。

問：關于愛情，羅伯特·斯滕伯格有什么論斷？

? 解題思路：

1. 四項都是陳述性的語氣，推斷本題考查一種結論或客觀事實。

2. 由各選項中的關鍵詞passion、intimacy、love和romance可知，本題考查內容涉及愛情關系的相關內容，可能是關系的維護或者構成愛情關系的要素。

? 解析：本題問羅伯特·斯滕伯格對于愛情有什么論斷。講話者在提到第三個成就愛情關系的因素時說：“斯滕伯格認為，如果你不將其稱為愛情，并且沒有維持這種關系的意愿，那它就不是愛情。”這與選項C的說法一致。講話中提到，斯滕伯格認為激情是愛情關系中的一個必備因素，也就是說沒有激情就沒有愛情關系，選項A曲解了這一點，故排除。同樣，斯滕伯格認為親密對愛情關系來說也是必不可少的，故排除B。選項D講話中沒有提及。

18. A) Which of them is considered most important.

B) Whether it is true love without commitment.

C) When the absence of any one doesn't affect the relationship.

D) How the relationship is to be defined if any one is missing.

Q: What question does the speaker think is interesting about Sternberg's three elements of love?

A）它們之中哪一個被認為是最重要的。

B）如果沒有承諾，還是不是真愛。

C）當任何一個缺失時，都不會影響愛情關系。

D）如果任何一個缺失，將如何定義愛情關系。

問：關于斯滕伯格的愛情三要素理論，講話者認為什么問題是有趣的？

? 解題思路：四項都以疑問詞開頭，本題考查某種疑問或問題，聽音時要重點關注各選項的關鍵詞（most important, true love without commitment, the absence of any one, if any one is missing）。

? 解析：本題問講話者認為斯滕伯格的愛情理論的有趣之處是什么。講話者在陳述完斯滕伯格的愛情三要素理論后，指出了一個有趣的疑問：假如你只擁有這三個因素中的一個或兩個因素，你獲得的是什么感情？也就是說，在缺少任何一個因素的情況下，愛情關系將如何被定義？這與選項D的說法一致，故為正確答案。其余三項講話中均未提及。

Recording Two

聽力原文&譯文

Hi, I'm Elisabeth Hofler, Master of Social Work. I'm a social worker, a lobbyist and a special assistant to the executive director at the National Association of Social Workers. [19]Today we are going to be talking about becoming a social worker. Social work is the helping profession. [20]Its primary mission is to enhance human well-being and help meet the basic needs of all people, with the particular focus on those who are vulnerable, oppressed and living in poverty. We often deal with complex human needs. Social work is different from other professions, because we focus on the person and the environment. We deal with the external factors that impact a person's situation and outlook. And we create opportunity for assessment and intervention, to help clients and communities cope effectively with the reality and change that reality when necessary.

In thousands of ways, social workers help other people—people from every age, every background across the country. Wherever needed, social workers come to help. The most well-known aspect of the profession is that of a social safety net. We help guide people to critical resources and counsel them on life-changing decisions. [21]There are more than 600,000 professional social workers in the country, and we all either have a bachelor's degree, a master's degree or a PhD in social work. There are more clinically trained social workers than clinically trained psychiatrists, psychologists and psychiatric nurses combined.

Throughout these series, you will learn more about the profession, the necessary steps to get a social work degree, the rich history of social work and many ways that social workers help others. [22]Later in these series, you will hear from Stacy Colins and Mill Wilson, fellow social workers at the National Association of Social Workers. Stacy is going to walk you through the step-by-step process of becoming a social worker and Mill will tell you about the range of options you have once you get your social work degree, as well as the high standards of responsibility the social workers must adhere to. The National Association of Social Workers represents nearly 145,000 social workers across the country. Our mission is to promote, protect and advance the social work profession. We help you enjoy the series about how you can make a difference by becoming a social worker. Next, we are going to talk about choosing social work.

大家好，我是伊麗莎白·赫夫勒，是社會工作專業碩士。我是一名社會工作者，也是宣傳社會工作的人，同時還是全國社會工作者協會執行理事的特別助理。[19]今天我們來談談成為一名社會工作者的問題。社會工作是給人提供幫助的職業。[20]這份工作的主要任務是提升人們的幸福感，幫助滿足所有人的基本需求，尤其要關注那些弱勢的、飽受壓迫的和生活貧困的人。我們經常要應對復雜的人類需求。社會工作與其他職業不同，因為我們關注的是人與環境。我們要應對那些影響人們處境和觀點的外部因素。我們還創造機會對這些因素進行評估和干預，從而幫助救濟對象和社會團體有效地應對現實，并在必要時改變那種現實。

社會工作者以數千種方式來幫助其他人——這些人來自全國各地，各個年齡段和各種社會背景的人都有。不論在任何地方，只要有需要，社會工作者就會來提供幫助。該職業最為人所熟知的一面是其社會保障性。我們幫助引導人們獲得關鍵性的資源，在一些足以改變人生的決定上對他們提出忠告。[21]全國有60多萬名職業社會工作者，我們都有社會工作專業的學士、碩士或博士學位。受過臨床培訓的社會工作者比受過臨床培訓的精神病醫生、心理學家和精神科護士加起來還要多。

在這一系列節目里，大家會學到更多與這個職業相關的知識，明白獲得社會工作專業學位的必要步驟，了解社會工作的悠久歷史和社會工作者幫助他人的許多方法。[22]稍后，在這一系列節目中，大家會聽到社會工作者斯泰西·科蘭斯和米爾·威爾遜的講解，他們是我在全國社會工作者協會的同事。斯泰西會帶領大家逐步了解如何成為一名社會工作者，米爾將告訴大家在獲得了社會工作專業學位后要面臨的諸多選擇，以及社會工作者必須履行的高標準的職業責任。全國社會工作者協會有將近14.5萬名社會工作者會員。我們的任務是宣傳、保護和發展社會工作這項職業。我們會讓大家喜歡這個通過介紹如何成為一名社會工作者來幫助大家有所作為的系列節目。接下來，我們要討論的是選擇社會工作的問題。

19. A) Social work as a profession.

B) The history of social work.

C) Academic degrees required of social work applicants.

D) The aim of the National Association of Social Workers.

Q: What does the speaker mainly talk about?

A）社會工作這種職業。

B）社會工作的歷史。

C）申請做社會工作的人必須有的學歷。

D）全國社會工作者協會的目標。

問：講話者主要談論的是什么？

? 解題思路：四項都是名詞短語，本題應該是以what開頭進行提問。三項提到social work，聽音時要注意聽清提問對象，并重點關注各選項的關鍵詞（profession, history, academic degrees, aim）。

? 解析：本題問講話者談論的主要內容。講話開頭，講話者先簡單介紹了自己，是一名社會工作者，然后說：“今天我們來談談成為一名社會工作者的問題。”接著介紹了社會工作的職業定位、目標和工作內容等。整篇講話都是圍繞著社會工作這一職業展開的，故選A。其他三項文中均未提及，故排除。

20. A) They try to change people's social behavior.

B) They help enhance the well-being of the underprivileged.

C) They raise people's awareness of the environ-ment.

D) They create a lot of opportunities for the unem-ployed.

Q: What do social workers mainly do?

A）他們努力改變人們的社會行為。

B）他們幫助提升弱勢群體的幸福感。

C）他們提高人們的環境意識。

D）他們為失業者創造很多機會。

問：社會工作者主要做什么？

? 解題思路：四項都以They開頭，陳述的都是they所做的工作，而且這些工作都與幫助他人有關。由此推斷該題可能考查社會工作者的工作內容。

? 解析：本題就社會工作者的主要工作進行提問。講話者在講話開頭提到：“這份工作的主要任務是提升人們的幸福感，幫助滿足所有人的基本需求，尤其要關注那些弱勢的、飽受壓迫的和生活貧困的人。”選項B的說法與此一致，為正確答案。選項A和C講話中沒有提及。選項D中的the unemployed是弱勢或貧困群體中的一部分，說法片面，故排除。

21. A) They have all received strict clinical training.

B) They all have an academic degree in social work.

C) They are all members of the National Association.

D) They have all made a difference through their work.

Q: What do professional social workers have in common according to the speaker?

A）他們都接受過嚴格的臨床培訓。

B）他們都有社會工作專業的學歷。

C）他們都是全國社會工作者協會的會員。

D）他們都通過自己的工作有了一番作為。

問：根據講話者所說，職業社會工作者的共同點是什么？

? 解題思路：兩項以They have all開頭，一項以They all have開頭，一項以They are all開頭，本題考查they所做過的事或其身份，聽音時要注意聽清they的指代對象。

? 解析：本題問職業社會工作者的共同點。講話者在講話中間部分提到，全國有60多萬名職業社會工作者，他們都有社會工作專業的學士、碩士或博士學位。也就是說，他們都獲得了社會工作專業的學歷，故選B。講話者只是提到受過臨床培訓的社會工作者很多，而不是選項A所說的他們都接受過嚴格的臨床培訓。講話者也沒有提到所有的職業社會工作者都是全國社會工作者協會的會員，故排除C。講話者只是說這些節目會幫助大家有所作為，并沒有強調說社會工作者都通過自己的工作有了一番作為，故排除D。

22. A) The promotion of social workers' social status.

B) The importance of training for social workers.

C) Ways for social workers to meet people's needs.

D) Social workers' job options and responsibilities.

Q: What is Mill Wilson going to talk about in the series?

A）社會工作者社會地位的提升。

B）對社會工作者進行培訓的重要性。

C）社會工作者滿足人們需求的方法。

D）社會工作者的職業選擇和責任。

問：在系列節目中，米爾·威爾遜將要講些什么？

? 解題思路：四項均是名詞短語，都圍繞社會工作者展開，涉及他們的工作內容、職業培訓和社會地位等。本題可能考查與此相關的內容，聽音時要注意對講話內容細節信息的提取。

? 解析：本題問米爾·威爾遜將在系列節目中講解的內容。講話者在最后提到，稍后，在這一系列節目中，大家會聽到社會工作者斯泰西·科蘭斯和米爾·威爾遜的講解，米爾將告訴大家在獲得了社會工作專業學位后要面臨的諸多選擇，以及社會工作者必須履行的高標準的職業責任。很明顯，答案選D。

Recording Three

聽力原文&譯文

Today, I'd like to talk about what happens when celebrity role models get behind healthy habits, but at the same time promote junk food. Currently, [23]there's mounting criticism of Michelle Obama's “Let's Move”campaign, which fights childhood obesity by encouraging youngsters to become more physically active and signed on singer Beyoncé and basketball player Shaquille O'Neal, both of whom also endorse sodas which are a major contributor to the obesity epidemic. Now there's a lot more evidence of how powerful a celebrity, especially a professional athlete can be in influencing children's behavior. In a report published by the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity at Yale University, researchers studied 100 professional athletes and their endorsement contracts. The team focused on athletes since they are theoretically the best role models for active, healthy lifestyles for children. After sorting the deals by category, they determined that among the 512 brands associated with the athletes, most involve sporting goods, followed closely by food and beverage brands.

Sports drinks which are often high in sugar and calories, made up most of the food and drink deals, with soft drinks and fast food filling out the reminder. Of the 46 beverages endorsed by professional athletes, 93 percent relied exclusively on sugar for all of their calories. It's no surprise that high-profile athletes can influence children's eating behaviors. But the scientists were able to quantify how prevalent these endorsements are in the children's environment. Advertisements featuring professional athletes and their endorsed products tend to get impressive exposure on TV, radio, in print and online. [24]And in 2010, the researchers reported that children aged 12-17 saw more athlete-endorsed food and beverage brand commercials than adults. One reason any campaign wants a popular celebrity spokesperson is because kids are attracted to them no matter what they are doing. We can't expect kids to turn off that admiration when the same person is selling sugar. At best, kids might be confused. At worst, they'll think the messages about soda are the same as the messages about water. But those two beverages aren't the same. If children are turning to athletes as role models, it's in their best interest if their idols are consistent. [25]Consistent messaging of positive behaviors will show healthier lifestyles for kids to follow.

今天，我想探討一下當名人楷模支持健康習慣的同時還推銷垃圾食品，會發生什么。目前，[23]越來越多的人批評米歇爾·奧巴馬倡導的“讓我們動起來”活動，這項活動鼓勵青少年更加積極地鍛煉身體以此抵抗兒童肥胖，同時還簽約歌手碧昂絲和籃球運動員沙奎爾·奧尼爾作為代言人。他們兩位也是碳酸飲料的代言人，而碳酸飲料是肥胖癥流行的“罪魁禍首”。現在，越來越多的證據證明，一位名人，尤其是一名職業運動員在影響兒童行為方面具有很大的影響力。耶魯大學路德食品政策與肥胖研究中心發布的一份報告中，研究人員研究了100名職業運動員和他們的代言合同。該研究小組主要研究運動員，因為從理論上講，他們在宣傳積極、健康的生活方式方面可以給兒童樹立最好的榜樣。把代言合同歸類后，他們發現，在這些運動員代言的512個品牌中，大多數品牌涉及體育用品，緊隨其后的是食品和飲料品牌。

運動型飲料通常所含的糖分和熱量都很高，它們構成了食品和飲料銷量的大部分，其余是軟飲料和快餐。在由職業運動員代言的46種飲料中，93%的飲料完全依賴糖分來提供熱量。知名度高的運動員能影響兒童的飲食行為也就不足為奇了。但是科學家能夠量定這些代言廣告在兒童周邊環境中有多受歡迎。由職業運動員出演的、宣傳其代言產品的廣告往往會被大量投放在電視、電臺、紙質媒體和互聯網上。[24]而且，在2010年，研究人員報告稱，12~17歲的孩子看到的運動員代言的食品和飲料品牌廣告要比成年人多。任何一次活動都想邀請受歡迎的名人代言的一個原因是，不管名人做什么，孩子都會被他們吸引。當同一個人在推銷含糖飲料的時候，我們不能指望孩子們打消那種崇拜感。從最樂觀的一面看，孩子們可能會被迷惑。最壞的情況是，他們會認為這些關于碳酸飲料的信息跟關于水的信息是一樣的。但這兩種飲料是不同的。孩子們把運動員當作榜樣，如果他們的偶像行為始終如一，對孩子們來說是最有利的。[25]始終如一地宣揚積極行為會展示出孩子們能夠效仿的更加健康的生活方式。

23. A) To fight childhood obesity.

B) To help disadvantaged kids.

C) To encourage kids to play more sports.

D) To urge kids to follow their role models.

Q: What is the aim of Michelle Obama's campaign?

A）對抗兒童肥胖。

B）幫助弱勢群體的孩子。

C）鼓勵孩子做更多的體育運動。

D）鼓勵孩子效仿他們的楷模。

問：米歇爾·奧巴馬倡導的活動的目的是什么？

? 解題思路：四個選項均為不定式結構，均出現了與兒童相關的詞匯（childhood, kids），各項關鍵信息分別為：childhood obesity, disadvantaged kids, more sports, follow their role models。聽音時應將重點放在與各個選項的關鍵詞相關的內容上。

? 解析：講話開頭提到，米歇爾·奧巴馬倡導的一項活動引起公眾的指責，這項活動是鼓勵青少年更加積極地鍛煉身體以此抵抗兒童肥胖。因此該項活動的目的就是抵抗兒童肥胖，正確答案為A項。選項C雖然在講話中有提及，但它是這項活動的內容，而非目的，最根本目的還是抵抗兒童肥胖，故排除C項。其余兩項講話中沒有提及，均可排除。

24. A) They best boost product sales when put online.

B) They are most effective when appearing on TV.

C) They are becoming more and more prevalent.

D) They impress kids more than they do adults.

Q: What does research find about advertisements featuring professional athletes?

A）當被投放在網上時，它們能最好地幫助提升產品銷量。

B）在電視上播放時，它們最有效力。

C）它們正變得越來越流行。

D）相比成年人，孩子對它們的印象要更深。

問：關于職業運動員代言的廣告，研究發現了什么？

? 解題思路：四個選項均以they作主語，并說明了四種不同的作用或效果。聽錄音時，需要確認they的指代對象。

? 解析：講話者在講話中間部分提到：“在2010年，研究人員報告稱，12~17歲的孩子看到的運動員代言的食品和飲料品牌廣告要比成年人多。”也就是說相比成年人，孩子對運動員代言的食品和飲料廣告印象更深刻，故本題選D。講話中提到，職業運動員代言的產品廣告往往會被大量投放在電視、電臺、紙質媒體和互聯網上，但并沒有說在電視上播放的廣告最有效力，故排除B項。其余兩項講話中沒有提及。

25. A) Always place kids' interest first.

B) Do what they advocate in public.

C) Message positive behaviors at all times.

D) Pay attention to their image before children.

Q: What does the speaker think kids' idols should do?

A）永遠把孩子的利益放在首位。

B）做他們公開倡導的事情。

C）總是宣揚積極的行為。

D）在孩子面前注意自己的形象。

問：講話者認為，孩子的偶像們應該做什么？

? 解題思路：四項均為動詞短語。兩項提到了兒童（kids, children）。各選項的關鍵詞分別為：kids' interest, advocate in public, Message positive behaviors, image before children。聽音時將重點放在與各個選項的關鍵詞有關的內容上。

? 解析：講話結尾提到：“始終如一地宣揚積極行為會展示出孩子們能夠效仿的更加健康的生活方式。”即講話者認為，孩子們的名人偶像要一直宣揚積極行為，讓孩子們遵循更加健康的生活方式，故本題選C。