8. Domesday of St. Paul's, 58.

9. Eynsham Inqu., Chapter of Christ Church, Oxford, N. 27, f 5, a: 'Robertus Clement... tenet de dominicis superius mensuratis dum domino placet unam selionem apud Weylond atte Wyche, unam selionem apud Blechemanfurlong, tres seliones in Wellefurlong, et unam selionem apud Groueacres pro 11 solidis per annum.'

10. It is well known that the second book of Fleta contains a sketch of the functions of manorial officers. In thirteenth-century MSS. we find also a special tract on the matter entitled de Senescalcia. See Cunningham, Growth of Industry and Commerce (2nd ed.), p. 222. Let it be understood that I do not attempt an exhaustive survey of the subject, but only a general indication of its bearings.

11. Domesday of St. Paul's, 122; forms of agreement by which the manors were let to farm in the twelfth century: 'Haec est conventio inter capitulum Lundoniensis ecclesiae beati Pauli et Robertum filium Alwini sacerdotis. Capitulum concedit ei Wicham manerium suum ad firmam quamdiu vixerit et inde bene servierit.

Primo quidem anno pro 58 solidis et 4d. et pro una parva firma panis et cervisiae cum denariis elemosine. Deinceps vero singulis annis pro duabus firmis brevibus panis et cervisiae.'

12. Exch. Q. R. Miscell.: 'Consuetudines de Aysle: memorandum quod homagium debet eligere prepositum et dominus manerii potest eum retinere.... Et memorandum quod homines debent habere pastorem ovilis per electionem curie.'

13. The duty of serving as reeve is therefore often treated as one of the characteristic marks of serfdom; e.g. Cambr. Univ., Gg. iv. 4, f. 26.

14. Harl. MSS. 1006, f. 18: 'Debet esse messor ad frumentum et amerciamenta domini colligendum.'

15. Shaftesbury Inqu., Harl. MSS. 61, f 60: 'Arator... debet invenire omnia instrumenta aratri ante rotas.'

16. Ibid., f 54: 'Bubulci et gadince.' Glastonbury Inqu. of 1189:

'Petras bovarius... custodit boves domini et vadit ad aratrum.'

17. 'Hereward,' Glastonbury Inqu., 24, 105, etc.; Domesday of St.

Paul's, 53.

18. Cartul. of Battle (Camden Ser.), f 39, b: 'wodeward.'

19. Bury St. Edmund's Reg., Cambr. Univ., Gg. Iv. 4, f. 322, a:

'Ad istud pertinet tenementum falcacio claustri sed cum falce lurardi.'

20. Glastonbury Inqu. of 1189, p. 36: 'Reginaldus thernebedellus tenet dimidiam virgatam terre et summonet homines ad comitatum et hundredum.'

21. Ibid., 7; cf. 156.

22. Ely Cart., Cotton MSS., Claudius, C. xi, f 15, d., Debet namiare cum bedello et ceteris avermannis, (men provided with horses). Glastonbury Inqu. of 1189, p. 31: 'Robertus de Eadwic sequitur hundredum et comitatum ad suum costum... Custodit preces arature et messis et debet adjuvare ad namia capienda infra hundredum et est quietus de pannagio.'

23. Glastonbury Cart., Wood MSS., i. f 92, 93; Compoti of Nicholas de Wedergrave, who had charge of the monastery from the 21st of November, 16 Edward II, till the 12th of March, 16 Edw.

II, as to the liberaciones et couredia servientium: 'Et quod retinuit et necessarie oportuit retinere in eadem abbathia 60ministros et servientes pro hospitalitate et aliis obsequiis faciendis in eadem abbathia.'

24. Bury St. Edmund's Register, Harl. MSS., 743, f. 260:

'Scriptum Johannis Northwold abbatis de quinque servanciis, (A.

D. 1294); f 260, d: '... de minutis officiis.'

25. Gloucester Cart. (Rolls Ser.), iii. 213, 214: 'Hoc intellecto quod quandocumque placuerit loci ballivo amoveantur ab uno loco usque ad alium ad commodum domini infra terminum, salvis eisdem liberationibus et stipendiis prius provisis. Nec aliquis admittatur ad servitium domini sine saluis plegiis de fideliter serviendo et de omittenda satisfaciendo. Et moraturi tunc plaemuniantur quod sibi provideant ad morandum... Item quod nullus famulus sit in curia cui plenum non deputetur officium.

Ita quod si unum officium suo statui sit insufficiens in alio suppleatur defectus.'

26. Merton College MSS., 91, f 153: 'Coment hom deyt alower oueraygnes en feyneson e en aust. Vous purrez bien auer sarcler 3acres pur un dener e aUer fauche lacre de pre pur 4 deners.... Evous devez Sauer qe 5 hommes poent bien lyer et syer 2 acres le iour checune manere de ble qe luns plus e lautre mens... E la ou les 4 prenent 7 d. ob. le iour e le quint pur ceo qil est lyour le iour 2 d., donqe devez donner pur lacre 4 den. E pur ceo qen mouz de pays i ne sevent nient sier par lacre si poet hom sauer par siours e par les jurnees ceo qil fount. Mesqe vous reteignez les siours par les eez ceo est a sauer qe 5 hommes ou 5 femmes le quel qe vous voudrez que home apele 5 home font un eez, e 25hommes font 5 eez, e poent 25 hommes shyer e lier 10 acres le iour entiers ouerables.... E si il accunte plus de jurnees qe ne fiert solon ceste acounte, si ne lor deuez pas alower.'

27. Glastonbury Inqu. of 1189, 16, 17.

28. Glastonbury Inqu. of 1189, 14, 15. Cf 13: 'Ernaldus C.

tempore episcopi Henrici habuit de quolibet preposito et quolibet firmario unum denarium ad natale pro taliis quas inveniet eis et morsuras candelarum.'

29. Bury St. Edmund's Registrum Album, Canmbr. Univ., Ee. iii.