二、產業發展和結構調整

Industrial Development and Structural Adjustment

（一）產業結構

industrial structure

國家產業政策

state（or national）industrial policies

國民經濟命脈

the lifelines of national economy

產業結構

structure of production/industrial structure

產業結構優化

optimization of（optimize）the industrial structure

產業升級

upgrading industries/industrial upgrading

產業規劃（行業規劃）

industrial plan

核心基礎產業

core（basic）industries

核心競爭力

the core competitiveness of enterprises

傳統產業

traditional industries

支柱產業

pillar industry

優勢產業

superior industry/strong industry

第一產業

primary industry

第二產業

secondary industry

第三產業

tertiary industry

第四產業

fourth order of enterprises/fourth industry

勞動密集型產業

labor-intensive industry

知識密集型產業

knowledge-intensive industry

資本集約工業（資本密集型工業）

capital-intensive industry

幼稚產業

newly rising（infant）industry

新興產業

rising industry/burgeoning industry

非農產業

non-farming industry

基礎工業（基礎產業）

basic industry/infrastructural industry

房地產業

real estate sector

高技術產業

high-tech industry

壟斷行業

monopoly industry

產業化

industrialize

經濟增長方式

mode of economic growth

經濟結構調整

readjustment of（or in）the economic structure/structural restructuring of economy

經濟結構優化

optimization of the economic structure

優化產業結構

optimize the industrial structure

優化經濟［資本］結構

optimize the economic［capital］structure

城鄉二元經濟結構

the dual structure in urban and rural economy

經濟規模

economic scale

新的經濟增長點

new point（s）of（or for）economic growth/new economic growth point（or area）

優勢互補

having complementary advantages/take advantage of each other's strengths

產品結構

mix of product/product mix

產品質量

quality of product/product quality

長線產品

oversupplied（or goods）products

短線產品

product（or goods）in short supply

轉產

change the line of production/reorientation of production

技術（產業）升級

raising the technological level/technology（industrial）upgrading

自主開發能力

the ability to manufacture all components of integrated system

燎原計劃

Prairie Fire Plan

把開發新技術、新產品、新產業同開拓市場結合起來

combine the efforts to develop new technologies，products and industries with the efforts to open up markets

產業結構不合理

inappropriate industrial structure

產業結構調整和升級

readjust and improve industrial structure

改造和提高傳統產業

transform and upgrade traditional industries

加強第一產業

strengthen the primary industry

積極發展第三產業

vigorously develop the tertiary industry

發展商業、金融、保險、旅游、信息、咨詢、居民服務等第三產業

develop the tertiary industry including commerce，banking（or finance），insurance，tourism，information and consulting services and neighborhood services

關停并轉

close down，suspend operation，merge with others or shift to a different line of production

國民經濟整體素質和效益

the overall quality and performance of the national economy

加快發展水利、交通、通信、環保等基礎設

施和鋼鐵、能源等基礎工業

accelerate the development of infrastructure including water conservancy，transportation（or communications），telecommunications and environmental protection and of the basic industries such as iron and steel and energy sectors

調整和優化產業結構

readjust and optimize the industrial structure（or the structure of industry）

調整和提高第二產業

readjust and upgrade the secondary industry

推進國民經濟信息化

give impetus to the extension of the use of information technology in national economy/try to informationize the national economy

引導房地產業健康發展

guide the real estate sector onto a path of sound development

轉變經濟增長方式，改變高投入、低產出，高消耗、低效益的狀況

change the mode of economic growth，putting an end to the situation featuring high input，low output，high consumption and low efficiency

經濟結構的戰略性調整

strategic readjustment in the economic structure

振興機械電子、石油化工、汽車制造和建筑業等支柱產業

invigorate pillar industries such as the machine building and electronics industries，the petrochemical industry，the automobile industry and construction industry（or building industry）

正確處理第一、二、三產業的關系

correctly handle the relationships between primary，secondary and tertiary industries

走新型工業化道路

take a new road to industrialization

（二）農業和農村經濟

Agriculture and Rural Economy

農業是經濟的基礎

agriculture as the foundation of the economy

農業投入

agricultural input/input（or investment）in agriculture

農業現代化

modernization of agriculture

農業產業化經營

industrial management of agriculture

農業持續穩定增長

sustained and steady growth of agriculture

農業多種經營

diversified agricultural economy

農業法

Agriculture Law

農業富余勞動力

surplus rural labor forces

農業技術推廣法

Law of the Agricultural Technology（or Agro Technique）Extension

農業機械化

mechanization of agriculture/farm mechanization

農業基礎設施

agricultural infrastructure

農業集約經營

intensive management of agriculture

農業技術推廣網絡

agricultural technology extension network

農業抗災能力

the ability of agriculture to withstand natural

disasters

農業科技革命

scientific and technological revolution in agriculture

農業內部結構

internal（or interior）structure of agriculture

農業商品化

commercialization of agriculture

農業社會化服務體系

socialized service system for agriculture

農業生產條件

production conditions in agriculture

農業生產基礎條件

the basic conditions for agricultural production

農業生產結構調整

readjustment of the structure of agricultural production

農業生產力水平

the level of agricultural productive forces/the level of agricultural productivity

農業生態環境

ecological environment in（or for）agriculture/agroecological environment

農業適度規模經營

agricultural production and operation at a proper scale/proper-scale operations of agriculture

農業專業化

specialization of agriculture

農業裝備水平

the standards of agricultural equipment/the quality and quantity of farming equipment

農業綜合開發

the overall development of agriculture

農業綜合效益

the overall efficiency of agriculture

農業總產值

the total output value of agriculture

農業綜合生產能力

production capacity/overall productivity in agriculture

農業區域經濟

regional economy in agriculture

“三農”問題（農業、農村、農民問題）

the questions of agriculture，rural areas and farmers/（the issues of agriculture，countryside and peasants）/（the issues of agriculture，rural areas and farmers）

農業規模經濟

larger-scale farming

農業人口

agricultural population

農業稅費改革

the reform of tax and fee collections in the rural areas

大農業

greater（multi-form）agriculture

三高農業

high-yield，cost-efficient and high-tech farming/high-tech farming with high yields and returns

生存農業

subsistence agriculture

創匯農業

export oriented agriculture/agriculture with export and foreign exchange earnings as its main objective/agriculture that generates foreign exchange earnings

特色農業

specialized agriculture

高產優質高效農業

highly efficient farming to provide greater and better yields

集約農業

intensive agriculture

旱作農業

dry-land farming

家庭承包責任制

household-based contract responsibility system

聯產承包

contract with remuneration linked to output

聯產承包責任制

contract system with remuneration linked to output

家庭承包經營

household contract operation

聯產計酬

calculation of remuneration according to output

打白條

issue（write out）an IOU（I owe you）

責任制

the household responsibility system/responsibility system

家庭承包制

household-based contract system

生產責任制

production responsibility system

土地承包

land contract/contracting of land

土地承包關系

land contract relations

土地承包經營權流轉

the transfer of the contractual right of land

土地承包期

land contract period（or term）

大包干

all-round contract（system）

包產到戶

fixing of farm output quotas for each household

包產田，承包田

contracted field

試驗田

pilot undertaking/experimental field

中低產田

medium-and low-yield fields

“土地流轉”

land exchange

糧食播種面積

grain acreage

糧食單位面積產量

per unit area yield of grain

糧食風險基金制度

grain risk fund system

糧食生產

grain production

糧食綜合生產能力

overall grain production capacity/the comprehensive grain production ability

穩定發展糧食生產

steadily develop grain production

穩定糧食生產能力

stabilize our grain production capacities

糧食自給率

self-sufficiency rate of grain

糧食總產量

total grain output

糧食主產區

the main grain-producing area

糧食主銷區

the main grain-consuming area

糧食安全

grain security/stability of the grain market food security

糧食收購價

grain purchasing price

“米袋子”工程

“rice bag”project農產品

agriculture products

農產品加工業

farm products processing industry

成品糧

food grain

商品糧

commodity grain/marketable grain

專用糧

grain for special use

飼料糧

（animal）feed grain

高產作物

high-yield crop/high productive crop

抗（耐）寒作物

cold-resistant crop

抗（耐）旱作物

drought-resistant crops

抗霜作物

frost-resistant crops

旱澇保收

ensure stable yields despite drought or excessive rain/ensure profits no matter how the situation changes

科學種田

scientific farming

精耕細作

intensive cultivation/intensive and meticulous farming

穩產高產

stable and high yields

深加工產品

deeply-processed products

單產

per unit（area）yield

單一種植

one-crop farming/single cropping

顆粒肥料

granulated fertilizer

深度施肥

deep fertilization

無土栽培

soilless culture

地膜

mulch film

農田基本建設

capital construction of farmland/construction of farmland improvement projects

改造中低產田

reform medium-and low-yield fields

水土保持

water and soil conservation

因地制宜

adjust measures to local conditions/proceed in light of local conditions

自給自足

self-sufficient

自產自銷

market one's own products

增產增收

increase both production and income

林業

forestry

林業建設

construction in forestry/forestry development

草原

grassland

防風林

windbreak（forest）

荒漠

barren desert/waste land

山地

mountains

經濟作物

industrial crop/cash crop

畜牧業

animal husbandry

漁業

fishery

漁業法

Fisheries Law

遠洋漁業

deep-sea fishery

海洋漁業

marine fishery

水產養殖

aquiculture/aquaculture

水產業

aquaculture

深海魚油

deep sea fish oil

深海魚苗

deep sea fish fry

庭院經濟

courtyard economy

家庭副業

household sideline production

家庭工業

household industry/

household manufacture

村辦企業

village-run enterprise

農用工業

agro-industry

多種經營

diversified economy/engage in diverse economic undertakings

名特產品

famous special（local）product

農副產品加工業

farm and sideline products processing（industry）

農工貿一體化

integration of agriculture，industry and trade

農林牧副漁各業

farming，forestry，animal husbandry，sideline production and fishery

水利建設

construction of water conservancy facilities（or of water-control facilities）/the building of water conservancy projects/water conservancy construction

興修水利

engage in water conservancy projects

南水北調

South-to-North water diversion/diverting water from the south to the north/divert water from the Yangtze River to North China

南水北調工程

projects to divert water from the south to the north

農田水利工程

farmland water conservancy works

灌溉工程

irrigation projects

灌溉面積

irrigated area

節水灌溉

water-saving irrigation

節水農業

an agriculture with good water-saving results/water-efficient agriculture

泛洪區

flooded area/flood plain

洪峰

flood peak

水淹區

flooded（inundated）area

蓄洪工程

flood storage project

蓄洪區

flood storage area

防洪

prevent（or control）floods/flood prevention（or control）

防洪能力

the capability of preventing floods

防洪調蓄能力

flood-control，flow-management and storage capabilities

防洪治澇

flood prevention and water-logging control

防汛抗旱

flood control and drought relief

集約化

intensive

集約經營

intensive operation

農村改革

rural reform（s）

農村經濟

rural economy

集體經濟

collective economy

農村產業結構

rural structure of production

農村經濟體制改革

rural reform of the economic structure/rural economic restructuring

農村市場

rural market

農村稅費制度

the system of administrative fees and taxes in rural areas

農村信用社

rural credit cooperatives

農村供銷社

rural supply and marketing cooperatives

供銷合作社

supply and marketing cooperatives

信用合作社

credit cooperatives

農村商業網點

a network of commercial establishments in rural areas/rural commercial establishments and networks

農村電網建設

construction of power grids in rural areas

鄉鎮企業

township enterprises/town and township enterprises/township and village enterprises

鄉鎮企業法

Law on Town and Township Enterprises

農民生產經營自主權

the decision-making power of peasants in their production and operations/farmers'autonomy in production and operation

農民土地使用權

peasants'right to land-use

農民合法權益

the peasants'lawful rights and interests

農民合作經濟組織

the peasants'cooperative economic organizations

農民收入

the peasants'income

農民負擔

peasants'burdens

單干戶

household engaged in individual farming

五保戶

household enjoying five guarantees

缺糧戶

grain deficient household

土地

land

土地管理

land administration

土地經營權流轉制度

land operation rights transfer system

土地適度規模經營

proper-scale land operation/operation of land at a proper scale

農村剩余勞動力（農村富余勞動力）

surplus rural labor（laborers）forces

農村剩余勞動力轉移

the transfer of rural surplus labor

按保護價收購農民余糧

purchase peasants'surplus grain at protective prices

按照建立社會主義市場經濟體制改革的要求，深化農村改革

deepen rural reform in accordance with the requirements for establishing a socialist market economy

保持農民收入的穩定增長

ensure the steady increase of the peasants'income

保護農民的合法權益

protect the peasants'legitimate rights and interests

保持農業和農村經濟的持續發展

maintain sustained development of agriculture and rural economy

必須始終把農業放在國民經濟發展的首位

We must always give first priority to agriculture in the development of national economy.

必須始終把發展農村經濟、提高農業生產力水平作為整個農村工作的中心

We must always make the development of rural economy and raising of the level of agricultural productive forces as the central task of all our rural work.

“菜籃子”工程

“vegetable basket”project

“菜籃子”市長負責制

the system of city mayors assuming responsibility for the“vegetable basket”

長期穩定土地承包關系

long-term contracts on land lease

長期穩定黨的農村基本政策

keep the Party's basic rural policies stable for a long time to come/stabilize the Party's basic rural policies over a long period of time

大力推進科教興農

step up the effort to develop agriculture by relying on science and education

調動廣大農民的積極性

arouse（or mobilize，or stimulate）the enthusiasm（or initiative）of the broad masses of the peasants

對農民要多予少取

More should be given（to）and less taken from peasants.

發揮各地農業的比較優勢

adjust the patterns of agricultural production appropriately in different regions，taking into account their local comparative advantages

高產優質高效農業

an agriculture featuring high yields，fine quality and high efficiency

耕地總量的動態平衡

the dynamic equilibrium of the total cultivated land

國家對農業的支持和保護體系

a system of the state for supporting and protecting agriculture/a system of state support and protection for agriculture

基本農田保護制度

a system for the basic farmland protection/the basic farmland protecting system

加快以水利為重點的農業基本建設

accelerate agricultural capital construction focused on water conservancy projects

加強農業基礎地位

strengthen agriculture as the foundation of the economy

加強農業和農村基礎設施建設

step up the construction of agricultural and rural infrastructure

堅持以家庭承包經營為基礎、統分結合的經營制度

adhere to the operation system of combining unification and separation，with the household contract operation as the basis

減輕農民負擔

lighten the burden on peasants/lighten the peasants'burdens

積極探索實現農業現代化的具體途徑

try to explore concrete ways to realize modernization of agriculture

科教興農

develop agriculture by relying on science and education（or on science and technology and on education）

糧食基本自給

basic self-efficiency in grain

糧棉穩定增產

steady increase of the output of grain and cotton/steadily increase the output of grain and cotton

“米袋子”省長負責制

the system of provincial governors assuming responsibility for the“rice bag”

農業是國民經濟的基礎

Agriculture is the foundation of national economy.

農業科研、教育、技術推廣相結合

integrate research，education and technique extension in agriculture

農業、農村和農民問題是關系改革開放和現

代化建設全局的重大問題

The issues of agriculture，countryside and peasants（or agriculture，rural areas and farmers）are major issues having a bearing on（or vital to）the overall situation of China's reform，opening up and modernization.

保持全國耕地總量動態平衡

maintain the dynamic stability of total arable land acreage in the nation

確保農產品有效提供和農民收入持續增長

ensure an effective supply of farm product and a sustained increase in peasants'income

土地承包期再延長30年的政策

the policy of prolonging（or extending）the land contract period（or term）for another 30 years

提高科技對農業增長的貢獻率

increase the contribution of science and technology to the growth in agriculture

推進農業向商品化、專業化、現代化的轉變give impetus to the development of agriculture toward commercialization，specialization and modernization

推動農產品生產、加工和銷售環節的有機結合和相互促進

integrate the production，processing and marketing of farm produce and have all these sectors support each other

完善統分結合的雙層經營體制

improve the two-tier operation system that combines unified management with independent（or separate）management/improve the two-tier management system that combines unification and separation（or diversification）/improve two-layer management system featuring the integration of centralization and decentralization

穩定完善土地承包關系

stabilize and improve land contract relations

鄉統籌，村提留

contributions to township and village public accumulation funds

以家庭承包經營為基礎、統分結合的雙層經營體制

the two-tier management system that integrates unified management with separate one on the basis of household contract management

優質農產品基地建設

construction of quality agricultural product bases

逐步壯大集體經濟實力

gradually boost the strength of collective economy

在干旱地區發展節水灌溉和旱作農業

develop water-saving irrigation and dry-land farming in arid areas

在具備條件的地方，發展多種形式的土地適度規模經營

develop diverse forms of proper-scale land operation where conditions are ripe

制定確保農村土地承包關系長期穩定的法律法規，賦予農民長期而有保障的土地使用權

make laws and statutes to ensure long-term stability of the rural land contract relations with a view to granting peasants a long-term and secure right to land-use

綜合發展農林牧副漁各業

develop farming，forestry，animal husbandry，sideline production and fishery in an all-round way

尊重農民的生產經營自主權respect the decision-making power of peasants in their productions and operations

（三）工業經濟

Industrial Economic

工業體系

industrial system

基礎工業

basic industry

現代工業

modern industry

先驅工業

pioneer industry

后備工業

supporting industry

新興工業

fledgling（infant）industry

夕陽產業

sunset industry/declining industry/industry with no future

朝陽工業（微電子，新材料，汽車，生物工程，宇航，海洋開發，等等）

sunrise industry（microelectronics，new materials，automation，bio-engineering，space navigation，ocean development，etc.）

工業增加值

added value of industry

工業總產值

total output value of industry

老工業基地

old industrial bases

先進適用技術

advanced and applicable techniques

工業產權

industrial property（rights）

關鍵技術

key technology

關鍵產品

key products

低級工業制品

low-end products

較高級的產品

higher-end products

高、精、尖產品

high-grade precision and advanced products

產品積壓

overstocked products

初級產品

primary products

折舊

depreciation

折舊基金

depreciation fund

折舊率

depreciation rate/rate of depreciation

工交戰線

the industry and communications front

工貿公司

industrial and trading company

系列化生產

to produce in serial form

工業間諜

industrial spy

（四）輕工業

Light Industry

家用電器

electrical household appliances

電視機

TV sets

閉路電視

closed-circuit television

數碼電視機

digital television

電冰箱

refrigerator/fridge/

freezer

輕紡工業

light and textile industries

服裝業

clothing industry

超細纖維

superfine fibre

棉布

cotton cloth

皮革業

leather products/traditional handicrafts/

national handicraft industry

食品加工制造業

food processing and manufacturing

食品工業

food industry/foodstuffs industry

食品多樣化生產

diversified food production

糖

sugar

煙草加工業

tobacco processing

醫藥制造業

pharmaceuticals/medical manufacturing industry

印刷業

printing business

造紙

papermaking

民族手工業

national handicrafts

木制品

timber products

（五）裝備制造業

Equipment Manufacturing

成套設備

complete sets of equipment

電子及通信設備制造業

electronic and telecommunications equipment making

交通運輸設備制造業

transportation equipment making

有色金屬冶煉及壓延加工業

non-ferrous metallurgy pressing and stretching processing

黑色金屬冶煉及壓延加工業

ferrous metal metallurgy，pressing，stretching and processing

鋼鐵

iron and steel

鋼鐵工業

iron and steel industry

黑色金屬采選業

ferrous metal mining

儀器儀表文化辦公機械

instruments cultural and office machinery

普通機械制造業

general machine making

機械工業

machine-building industry

汽車

automobiles

機械

machinery

航空工程

aeronautical engineering

航空工業

aviation industry

航天工業

aerospace industry

航天技術

space technology

加工工業

processing industry

造船業

shipbuilding industry

重工業

heavy industry

金屬制品

metal products

非金屬礦制品

non-metal mineral products

（六）原材料工業

Raw and Processed（or Semi-finished）Materials Industries

化學纖維制造業

chemical fibre manufacturing

化學原料及制品業

chemical raw materials and manufactured products

合成染料

synthetic dye

合成石油

synthetic petroleum

合成樹脂

synthetic resin

合成洗滌劑

synthetic detergent

合成纖維

synthetic fibre

合成橡膠

synthetic rubber

化學纖維

chemical fibre

塑料制品業

plastic products industry

橡膠制品業

rubber products industry

石油工業

petroleum industry/oil industry

石油化工

petrochemical industry

石油加工及冶煉業

crude oil refinery

石油加工及煉焦業

petroleum processing and coking

石油天然氣開采業

petroleum exploration

石化

petrol-chemicals

化肥

chemical fertilizer

海洋醫藥業

marine pharmaceutical industry

建筑材料業

constructing（building）materials industry

建材

building materials

玻璃

glass

水泥

cement

核燃料

nuclear fuel

光學纖維/（光導纖維）

optical fibre/（light guide fibre）

（七）高技術產業

High-tech Industries

高技術（高科技）

high technology/high-tech

高技術產業

high-tech industries

高新技術

high and new technology（or technologies）

高新技術成果產業化

application of high and new technology in production

高附加值產品

product of high added-value

技術密集型產業

technology-intensive industries

技術與資金密集型產品

technology and capital-intensive products

空間站（宇航站）

space station

航空站

airport

地面站

earth（land）station

宇宙飛船

spaceship

宇宙空間

cosmic space

地球同步衛星

geostationary（synchronous）satellite

返回式遙感衛星

recoverable remote sensing satellite

載人衛星

manned satellite

地面衛星站（衛星地面接收站）

satellite earth station/ground satellite（receiving）station

衛星發射

satellite launching

衛星通信

satellite telecommunications

衛星遙感技術

satellite remote sensing technology

衛星氣象系統

the meteorological satellite system

衛星云圖

cloud atlas sent back by a meteorological satellite/satellite cloud picture

亞洲一號通信衛星

Asia sat I telecommunications satellite（launched on April 7，1990）

新型運載火箭

new-type carrier rockets

遠程運載火箭

long-range carrier rocket

載人航天飛機

manned spacecraft

全球定位系統

global positioning system（GPS）

工業機器人

industrial robot

納米

nanometer

納米科學

nanoscience

超顯微鏡

ultramicroscope

生物工程

bioengineering

生物技術

biotechnology

微電子技術

microelectronic technology

遺傳工程

genetic engineering

生命科學

life science

無性繁殖

vegetative propagation/clone

轉基因

transgene

轉基因技術

transgenesis

基因組學

genomic

核糖核酸

ribo-nucleic acid（RNA）

仿生學

bionics

（八）信息產業

Information Industry

信息產業（信息工業）

information industry

信息化

information-centered/informationization

信息經濟

information economy

信息社會

information society

信息時代

information era

信息革命

information revolution

信息網

information network

信息港

information port

信息污染

information pollution

信息系統

information system

信息產品制造業

manufacturing of information technology products/manufacturing industry of information products

信息處理現代化

modernization of information processing

信息基礎設施建設

information infrastructure construction

信息高速公路

information superhighway

信息技術

information technology

電信

telecommunications

固定電話

fixed telephone

移動電話

cellular telephone

程控電話

program-controlled telephone/SPC

通信

communication

遠程通信

long-range communication/telecommunication

移動通信網

mobile telecommunication networks

光纖通信線路

optical fibre telecommunications line

電話號碼升位

expand telephone numbering system

電話預裝費

telephone subscription

電信公司

telecommunications company

電子工業

electronics industry

家用電子工業

domestic electronic industry

電子計算機

electronic computer

電子計算器

electronic calculator

電子望遠鏡

electron telescope

電子顯微鏡

electron microscope

電子工程

electronic engineering

電子政務

e-government

電子信息技術

electron-information technology/electronic information technology

電子元器件及其生產檢測設備

electronic components and related manufacturing and testing equipment

電纜電視

cable TV

電腦

electronic brain/computer

主干網絡

trunk network

局域網絡

regional network

計算機網絡

computer networks

信息數據

information and data

電子信箱（電子郵件）

electronic mailbox

電子商務

electronic business/electronic commerce/e-commerce

硅谷

silicon valley

資源共享

resource sharing

高速寬帶信息網絡

high-speed，wide-band information networks

計算機軟件

computer software

計算機應用

computer application

軟件產業

software industry

系統集成能力

system integration capacity

關鍵集成電路

key integrated circuits

集成電路技術與設備

technology and equipment for integrated circuits

（九）能源

Energy

能源結構

structure of energy supply

能源利用率

energy utilization ratio/energy efficiency

能源轉換

energy conversion

能源供需差距

energy gap/gap in energy supply

能源短缺

energy shortage

能源危機

energy crisis

電力工業

（electric）power industry

發電裝機容量

（installed）power-generating capacity

發電量

generating capacity/output of electricity

后備電源

back-up source

并網發電

generate electricity by way of merging grid systems

廠網分開

separate power plants from grids operation and bid for prices

電力法

Electricity Law

煤炭

coal

煤炭工業

coal industry

高產高效礦井

highly productive and efficient mines

坑口大機組火電

large-scale thermal power plants near coal mines

西氣東輸

the transmission of natural gas from western to eastern regions

西電東送

the transmission of electricity from western to eastern regions

小火電

small thermal power stations

水電

hydroelectric power

水力發電

hydroelectric power generation/hydraulic power generation

發電裝機容量

installed power-generating capacity

低耗

low consumption（of energy，etc.）

海洋可再生能源

regenerate（renewable）marine energy

海洋能發電

power generation with marine energy

海洋能開發利用

exploitation of marine energy

海洋石油勘探開發

offshore oil exploration and exploitation

海洋石油天然氣產業

offshore oil and natural gas industry

核電

nuclear power

核電站

nuclear power plant

核電行業

nuclear power industry

核能和平利用

peaceful use（or utilization）of nuclear energy

核能技術

nuclear energy technology

核子能

nuclear energy

原油

crude oil

石油及天然氣

petroleum and natural gas/oil and gas

清潔能源

clean energy

二次能源

secondary energy

可再生能源

regenerative energy/renewable energy

太陽能發動機

solar engine

歐佩克（石油輸出國組織）

OPEC（the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries/Opec）

加快石油和天然氣勘探和開發

accelerate exploration and exploitation of oil and natural gas resources

節約能源與發展能源工業并重的方針

the principle of attaching equal importance to economizing on energy（energy conservation）and the expansion of energy industry

提高能源利用效率

raise the energy utilization efficiency

調整能源結構

readjust the energy structure

新能源［新材料］的研究開發

research and development of new sources of energy［new materials］

（十）交通運輸業

Communications and Transportation Industry

運輸

transportation

公路法

Highway Law

公路干線

trunk highway

高速公路

expressway/freeway

立交橋

cloverleaf intersection

國道

state highway

公路國道主干線

trunk highways

公共交通

public transportation

以路養路

use tolls to repay loans and to finance new roads

收費公路

toll road

收費橋

toll bridge

暢通工程

Smooth Traffic Project

一般貨運

ordinary cargo transportation

集裝箱

container

集裝箱運輸

container transportation

廂式貨車

van

冷藏運輸

refrigerated transportation

特殊運輸

special transportation

鐵路運輸業

railway transportation industry

輕軌

light rail

輕軌火車

light rail train（vehicle）

雙層列車

double（double-decker）train

營運

engage in transport

磁懸浮列車

magnetic levitation train

高速列車

bullet train

電氣化鐵路

electric（electrified）railway

青藏鐵路

the planned Qinghai-Tibet Railway

鐵路法

Railway Law

民航業

civil aviation industry

門戶機場

door airports/entry and exit airports

空中交通管制

air transport route control

空港

airport/aerodrome/airfield

航空港

air harbour

空中客車

airbus

超音速噴氣機

superjet

超音速運輸機

supersonic transport

民用航空法

Civil Aviation Law

黑匣子

black box/in-flight recorder

港口

harbors

內河航道

inland channel/river navigation routes

海上交通安全法

Maritime Traffic Safety Law

海洋交通運輸

maritime transportation

航運

shipping

客貨船

passenger-cargo vessel

客流高峰

commuter rush hour

郵電

post and telecommunications

郵政法

Postal Law

建立健全暢通、安全、便捷的現代綜合運輸體系

establish a comprehensive modern transportation system that is unimpeded，safe and convenient

現代綜合運輸體系

modem overall transportation system

主要水陸交通干線

main water and land transportation lines

（十一）商業服務業

Service Industry

商業

commerce/business/trade

商品貿易

trade in commodities/commodity trade

商品市場

commodity market

商業周期

business cycle/service businesses

商業零售（零售業）

retailing business

服務業

service industry

現代服務業

modem service industry

服務貿易

service trade

易貨貿易

barter（trade）

服務性消費

service consumption

餐飲

catering

餐飲業

catering industry/catering

快餐業

snack（fast-food）industry

超級市場

supermarket

倉儲式連鎖店

chain store of warehouse/warehouse club

倉儲式商店

warehouse store

倉儲式銷售

warehouse selling

零售網

retail network

零售行

retail house

批發行

wholesale house

暢銷商品

fast-selling commodity/best seller

偽劣商品

fake and inferior goods

小商品

small commodities

壓庫滯銷商品

overstocked and unsaleable commodities stock

goods

滯貨

unsaleable goods/

slow seller

中低檔產品

low and medium-grade goods

中高檔產品

medium and high-grade goods

營業開支

operating expenses/

overheads

營業收入

operating revenues

娛樂性行業

entertainment industry

服務行業承諾制

system of offering guarantees to consumers in service industry（or service）

服務領域對外開放

opening to the outside world in service sectors

家務勞動社會化

socialization of housework

現代經營方式和服務技術

up-to-date management and service technology

咨詢

consulting

（十二）旅游業

Tourist Industry

旅游

tourism

旅游城市

tourist city/playland

旅游區

tourist area

旅游景點

tourist spot

旅游熱點

hot travel spot/tourist attraction

游覽區

tourist area

海洋旅游業

marine tourism

假日經濟

holiday economy

（十三）建筑業

Construction Industry

建筑業

construction industry/building industry

建筑法

Construction Law