摘要

在發達國家價值鏈的“低端鎖定”、中國巨大體量形成以及中國對發展中國家價值鏈引領能力提升等三重疊加的背景下，中國在國際分工體系中的作用和地位已不再是傳統價值鏈分析模式下的“世界工廠”那么簡單，中國的未來發展需要積極構建以我為主的全球價值鏈。在價值鏈重構關鍵期，準確識別和量化國際分工格局、探討中國制造業在國際分工網絡中提升和鞏固樞紐地位、實現價值鏈中高端攀升的理論機制與現實路徑，對于推動形成全面開放新格局、加快構建新發展格局具有重要現實意義。本書在馬克思主義思想的指導下，基于中國開放型經濟的發展脈絡及成就，重新定位中國所參與的國際分工格局，提出并量化了中國參與全球價值鏈的基本框架——“共軛環流”式分工格局，揭示中國角色演變與升級背后的機理和規律，探究提高并鞏固國際分工樞紐地位、促進價值鏈中高端攀升的有效路徑。本書的主要結論及重要觀點歸納如下：

（1）“共軛環流”式分工格局已構成中國參與全球價值鏈的基本框架。國際分工網絡可以分為發達國家價值環流和發展中國家價值環流兩部分，且中國在這兩大價值環流中均日益處于樞紐地位，形成“共軛環流”式的分工格局。（2）基于對中國開放型經濟發展脈絡的梳理發現，中國已逐步成為國際分工中的重要“樞紐國”、貿易流控制力的“居重國”，已從最初注重出口和引資的“單向開放”轉變為注重平衡發展的“雙向開放”。但是，中國制造業普遍存在“大而不強”的現狀和關鍵核心依然受制于人的困局。（3）為提升中國在國際分工網絡中的樞紐地位，需積極構建新的綜合優勢，重視母國市場和技術創新。（4）一國在國際分工網絡中樞紐地位的提升有利于促進其價值鏈升級。（5）中國在二元價值環流中的升級空間及路徑存在明顯差異：中國嵌入發達國家價值環流時，技術水平的提升會促進國際分工地位的攀升，但提升速度逐步放緩，存在收斂趨勢；在中國與其他發展中國家的價值環流中，后者分工地位的提升，有利于推動中國國際分工地位的進一步提升，實現向中高端的攀升。（6）立足國內市場、實現“共軛環流”的共建互融，是構成內嵌于中國開放型經濟高層次發展的正向循環。基于以上研究，結合中國開放型經濟發展的時代要求，本書從“固樞紐”“通堵點”“補短板”以及“促開放”四個方面為中國逐步提升國際分工地位、邁向貿易強國提出了針對性政策建議。

關鍵詞：開放型經濟，國際分工，樞紐地位，價值鏈升級

Abstract

In the context of the“low-end lock-in” of the value chain of developed countries, the formation of China's huge volume, and the enhancement of China's ability to lead the value chain of developing countries, China's role and status in the international division of labor is no longer a“World Factory”, China's future development needs to actively build a global value chain with China as the main player.During the critical period of value chain reconstruction, accurately identifying and quantifying the pattern of international division of labor, exploring the theoretical mechanism and practical paths for China's manufacturing industry to enhance and consolidate its hub status in the international division of labor network, and achieving value chain upgrading are of great practical significance for promoting the formation of a new pattern of full opening and accelerating the construction of a new development pattern.Under the guidance of Marxist thought, based on the development context and achievements of China's open economy, this paper repositions China's participation in the international division of labor, proposes and quantifies the basic framework for China's participation in the global value chain—“Conjugate Circulation”, reveals the mechanisms and laws behind the evolution and upgrading of China's role, explores ways to improve and consolidate the hub status and promote the upgrading of the value chain.The main conclusions and important points of this paper are summarized as follows.

（1）“Conjugate Circulation” has constituted the basic framework for China to participate in global value chain.The international division of labor network can be divided into two parts: the value circulation of developed countries and the value circulation of developing countries.China is increasingly in a pivotal position in these two value circulations, forming a“Conjugate Circulation” type of division of labor.（2） Based on the review of the development context of China's open economy, it is found that China has gradually become an important “hub country” in the international division of labor network and a “powerful country” in the control of trade flows.It has changed from the initial “one-way opening” focusing on export and foreign investment to the “two-way opening” focusing on balanced development.However, China's manufacturing industry generally exists the status quo of “big but not strong” and the key core is still controlled by others.（3） In order to enhance China's centrality in the international division of labor network, it is necessary to actively build new comprehensive advantages and pay attention to the domestic market and technological innovation.（4） The improvement of a country's status as a hub is conducive to promoting its value chain upgrading.（5） There are great differences in the upgrading space and path of China in the dual value circulations: When China is embedded in the value circulation of developed countries, the improvement of technology level will promote the value chain upgrading, but the speed of improvement is gradually slowing down and there is a convergence trend; In the value circulation between China and other developing countries, the promotion of the latter's division of labor status is conducive to the further promotion of China's status and the realization of China's upgrading. （6） Based on the domestic market and realizing the co-construction and mutual integration of “Conjugate Circulation”, it constitutes a positive cycle embedded in the high-level development of China's open economy.Based on the above research and combined with the requirements of the development of China's open economy, this paper puts forward targeted policy suggestions for China to gradually improve its status in the international division of labor and become a powerful trading country from four aspects of “consolidating the hub”,“removing the blockage”,“strengthening the weak links” and “promoting openingup”.

Keywords: Open Economy; International Division of Labor; Hub Status; Upgrading in Global Value Chain