一、兒童喂養(yǎng)狀況

1.Infant feeding

母乳是嬰兒最理想的食物，純母乳喂養(yǎng)能滿足嬰兒6月齡以內所需要的全部液體。產后盡早開奶，堅持新生兒第一口食物是母乳，堅持6月齡內的嬰兒純母乳喂養(yǎng)。

Breast milk is the optimal food for infants, and exclusive breastfeeding will meet all the liquid requirement for the infants aged within 6 months. It is advocated that initiating postpartum breastfeeding as soon as possible, and regarding breast milk not only as the first bite of food for newborn babies, but also the only food source until 6 months.

（一）早開奶（Early initiation of breastfeeding）

產后1小時開奶率（%）：過去24個月出生的兒童，在生后1小時內被抱到乳房的比例，見圖1-1-1。

2013年中國24月齡以下兒童的早開奶率為26.4%，農村高于城市，分別為27.7%和24.8%。

Early initiation of breastfeeding (%): rate of infants who were put to the breast in one hour after parturition among infants that were born in the last 24 months (Figure 1-1-1).

In 2013,the early initiation of breastfeeding rate of Chinese infants under 24 months is 26.4%，and that of rural is higher than that of urban areas, 27.7% and 24.8%, respectively.

（二）母乳喂養(yǎng)（Breastfeeding）

1.6個月內純母乳喂養(yǎng)率（Exclusive breastfeeding rate in the first 6 months of life）

純母乳喂養(yǎng)是指只給嬰兒提供母乳，不再提供水（不含能量）、其他液體或者固體食品，但除外口服補鹽液、維生素、礦物質或者藥物的滴劑/糖漿。

6個月內純母乳喂養(yǎng)（%）：過去一天內，給0～5月齡嬰兒完全喂母乳的比例。

2013年中國6個月內兒童純母乳喂養(yǎng)率為20.8%，農村高于城市，分別為22.3%和19.6%；6個月內兒童純母乳喂養(yǎng)率隨著家庭經濟收入水平升高而下降（表1-1-1）。

Exclusive breastfeeding means that the infant only receives breast milk without any additional water (free from energy), other liquid or solid food, except for oral rehydration salts and drops/syrups containing vitamins, minerals or drugs.

Exclusive breastfeeding rate in the first 6 months of life (%): proportion of infants aged within 6 months who are fed exclusively with breast milk in the previous day.

In 2013,the exclusive breastfeeding rate of Chinese children in the first 6 months of life is 20.8%, and that of rural is higher than that of urban areas, 22.3% and 19.6%, respectively. The exclusive breastfeeding rate of Chinese children in the first 6 months of life decrease with the increase of household income level (Table 1-1-1).

2.6個月內基本母乳喂養(yǎng)率（Almost exclusive breastfeeding rate in the first 6 months of life）

6個月內基本純母乳喂養(yǎng)指嬰兒只哺喂母乳和水（不含能量），不再提供其他液體或者固體食品，但除外口服補鹽液、維生素、礦物質或者藥物的滴劑/糖漿。

6個月內基本母乳喂養(yǎng)（%）：過去一天內，給0～5月齡嬰兒實施基本純母乳喂養(yǎng)的比例。

2013年中國6個月內基本母乳喂養(yǎng)率為48.3%，農村高于城市，分別為54.1%和43.0%；普通農村最高，為56.0%，大城市最低，為42.5%（表1-1-2）。

Almost exclusive breastfeeding means that the infant only receives breast milk and water (free from energy), without any other liquid or solid food, but except for oral rehydration salts and drops/syrups containing vitamins, minerals or drugs.

Almost exclusive breastfeeding rate in the first 6 months of life (%): proportion of infants within 6 months who are almost exclusively breastfed in the previous day.

In 2013, the almost exclusive breastfeeding rate of Chinese children in the first 6 months of life is 48.3%, and that of rural is higher than that of urban areas, 54.1% and 43.0%, respectively. The highest rate of the almost exclusive breastfeeding of Chinese children in the first 6 months of life is 56.0% in the common rural, and that of the lowest rate is 42.5% in the large cities (Table 1-1-2).