- 人類的故事(英漢雙語)
- 房龍
- 771字
- 2021-10-29 17:47:53
10 腓尼基人
腓尼基人給了我們字母表
腓尼基人是猶太人的鄰居,也是一支閃族部落,很早以前就居住在地中海沿岸。他們建了兩座堅固的小城——提爾和西頓。很快,他們就贏得了西海岸貿易的壟斷權。他們的船只定期發往希臘、意大利和西班牙,甚至穿過直布羅陀海峽到達錫利群島,在那里購買錫。所到之處,他們都會設立小貿易點,并稱之為殖民地。這些貿易點大多成了現代城市的發源地,比如加的斯和馬賽。
只要能帶來豐厚的利潤,他們什么都敢買賣,不顧良心的譴責。如果我們相信所有鄰居對他們的評價,那么他們簡直是無恥之徒,根本不懂誠實和正直是什么意思。他們把金銀滿倉當作成功人士的最高理想。他們的確是非常可悲的人,沒有一個朋友。但是,他們為子孫做出了最有價值的貢獻——他們發明了字母表。
腓尼基人早就掌握了蘇美爾人發明的書寫方法。可是他們認為寫這些楔形文字太笨拙、太費時。他們是講求時效的商人,不可能花太多的時間去刻字母。他們發
and invented a new system of writing which was greatly superior to the old one. They borrowed a few pictures from the Egyptians and they simplified a number of the wedge-shaped figures of the Sumerians. They sacrificed the pretty looks of the older system for the advantage of speed and they reduced the thousands of different images to a short and handy alphabet of twenty-two letters.
In due course of time, this alphabet travelled across the ?gean Sea and entered Greece. The Greeks added a few letters of their own and carried the improved system to Italy. The Romans modified the figures somewhat and in turn taught them to the wild barbarians of western Europe. Those wild barbarians were our own ancestors, and that is the reason why this book is written in characters that are of PhOEnician origin and not in the hieroglyphics of the Egyptians or in the script of the Sumerians.
明了一種新的書寫方法,比原來的進步許多。他們從埃及人那里借鑒了一些圖形,又簡化了蘇美爾人的楔形符號。為了提高寫字的速度,他們舍棄了原有系統漂亮的圖案,把千萬種不同的圖形縮減為簡單方便的22個字母。
隨著時間的推移,字母表后來被傳到愛琴海,進入希臘。希臘人加了自己的幾個字母進去,接著又傳到意大利。羅馬人對這些符號稍加修改,又把它們教給西歐的野蠻人。這些野蠻人是我們的祖先,正因為如此,本書才會用腓尼基字母書寫,而不是埃及的象形文字或蘇美爾的楔形文字。