參考文獻

[1] KIMURA M.Evolutionary rate at the molecular level[J].Nature，1968，217：624-626.

[2] KIMURA M.The Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution[M].Cambridge，UK：Cambridge University Press，1985.

[3] HUYNEN M A.Exploring phenotype space through neutral evolution[J].Journal of Molecular Evolution，1996，43（3）：165-169.

[4] HUYNEN M A，STADLER P F，F(xiàn)ONTANA W.Smoothness within ruggedness：the role of neutrality in adapta-tion[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences，1996，93：397-401.

[5] REIDYS C M，STADLER P F.Neutrality in fitness landscapes[J].Applied Mathematics and Computation，2001，117（2-3）：321-350.

[6] HARVEY I，THOMPSON A.Through the labyrinth evolution finds a way：A silicon ridge[C].In：Higuchi T，Iwata M，Liu W（Eds）；Evolvable Systems：From Biology to Hardware.ICES 1996.Lecture Notes in Computer Science，Springer，Berlin，Heidelberg，1996.

[7] VANNESCHI L，TOMASSINI M，Collard P，et al.A Comprehensive View of Fitness Landscapes with Neutral-ity and Fitness Clouds[C].In：Ebner M，O’Neill M，Ekárt A，Vanneschi L，Esparcia-Alcázar A I（Eds.），Genetic Programming.EuroGP 2007.Lecture Notes in Computer Science.Springer，Berlin，Heidel-berg，2007.

[8] VEREL S，OCHOA G，TOMASSINI M.Local optima networks of NK landscapes with neutrality[J].IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation，2011，15（6）：783-797.

[9] TOMASSINI M，VEREL S，OCHOA G.Complex-network analysis of combinatorial spaces：The NK land-scape case[J].Physical Review E，2008，78（6）：066114.

[10] VEREL S，OCHOA G，TOMASSINI M.The connectivity of NK landscapes′basins：a network analysis[J].arXiv：0810.3492，2008.

[11] BARTHéLEMY M，BARRAT A，PASTOR-SATORRAS R，et al.Characterization and modeling of weigh-ted networks[J].PhysicaA：Statistical mechanics and its applications，2005，346（1-2）：34-43.

[12] SHAPHIRO S，MARTIN B WILK.An analysis of variance test for normality[J].Biometrika，1965，52（3）：591-611.

[13] OCHOA G，TOMASSINI M，VEREL S，et al.ChristianDarabos.A study of NK landscapes′basins and local optima networks[C].Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation，At-lanta GA USA，2008.

[14] NEWMAN M E J.The structure and function of complex networks[J].SIAM review，2003，45（2）：167-256.

[15] KATADA Y，OHKURA K.Estimating the degree of neutrality in fitness landscapes by the Nei’s standard ge-netic distance-an application to evolutionary robotics[C].IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation，Vancouver，BC，Canada，2006.

[16] NEWMAN M E J，R ENGELHARDT.Effects of neutral selection on the evolution of molecular species[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences，1998：1333-1338.

[17] BARNETT L.Tangled Webs-Evolutionary Dynamics on Fitness Landscapes with Neutrality[J]，1999.

[18] NIMWEGEN E V，CRUTCHFIELD J P，MITCHELL M.Statistical dynamics of the royal road genetic algo-rithm[J].Theoretical Computer Science，1999，229（1-2）：41-102.

[19] SMITH T，HUSBANDS P，LAYZELL P，et al.landscapes and evolvability[J].Evolutionary computation，2002，10（1）：1-34.

[20] KATADA Y，OHKUBA K，UEDA K.The Nei′s standard genetic distance in artificial evolution[C].IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation，Portland，OR，USA，2004.