第16解

balance of probability

【英文】The points about the certificate standard contain objective truth，proof on a balance of probabilities，many levels of structures theory，and negation theory，but these theories deserve the study.

【譯文】目前有關(guān)民事訴訟證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的學(xué)說(shuō)主要有客觀真實(shí)說(shuō)、或然性權(quán)衡說(shuō)、多層次說(shuō)和否定說(shuō)，但這些學(xué)說(shuō)都值得商榷。

【解釋】balance of probabilities是裁決民事糾紛時(shí)所采用的一項(xiàng)法定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，它要求負(fù)有舉證責(zé)任的一方當(dāng)事人如實(shí)證明其主張。其證明越真實(shí)可靠，越有利于其主張。可譯為“或然性權(quán)衡”。

再如：

In most common law and civil code jurisdictions，it is usually necessary to obtain a court order directing the registrar to issue a death certificate in the absence of a physician’s certification that an identified individual has died.However，if there is circumstantial evidence that would lead a reasonable person to believe that the individual is deceased on the balance of probabilities，jurisdictions may agree to issue death certificates without any such order.〔譯文：在多數(shù)普通法和民法典司法區(qū)，如果沒有醫(yī)生證明，通常有必要申請(qǐng)一道法院命令，該命令可要求法院事務(wù)官簽發(fā)一張證明某人死亡的證明書。然而，如果有間接證據(jù)使得一個(gè)正常人根據(jù)或然性權(quán)衡相信某人已經(jīng)死亡，司法管轄區(qū)不需要法院的命令就可以同意簽發(fā)死亡證明。〕