What just happened?

This heading explains the working of tasks or instructions that you have just completed.

You will also find some other learning aids in the book, including:

Pop quiz — heading

These are short multiple choice questions intended to help you test your own understanding.

Have a go hero — heading

These set practical challenges and give you ideas for experimenting with what you have learned.

You will also find a number of styles of text that distinguish between different kinds of information. Here are some examples of these styles, and an explanation of their meaning.

Code words in text are shown as follows: " It's difficult to standardize the install methods for Linux, because there are many different flavors and configurations."

A block of code is set as follows:

<Directory />
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
Order deny,allow
Allow from all
</Directory>

When we wish to draw your attention to a particular part of a code block, the relevant lines or items are set in bold:

<Directory />
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride All 
Order deny,allow
Allow from all
</Directory>

Any command-line input or output is written as follows:

sudo apt-get install php5 php5-dev libapache2-mod-php5 php5-curl php5-mcrypt 

New terms and important words are shown in bold. Words that you see on the screen, in menus or dialog boxes for example, appear in the text like this:"Start by opening Terminal".