- Instant Debian：Build a Web Server
- Jose Miguel Parrella
- 558字
- 2021-08-04 10:11:37
There's more…
There are several other points that you need to consider while choosing the right flavor of Debian. One of them is the architecture you're using and targeting for development.
Architectures
There are tens of computer architectures available in the market. ARM, Intel, AMD, SPARC, and Alpha are all different types of architectures.
Debian uses the architecture codenames i386 and amd64 for historical reasons. i386 actually means an Intel or Intel-compatible, 32-bit processor (x86), while amd64 means an Intel or Intel-compatible, 64-bit processor (x86_64). The brand of the processor is irrelevant.
A few years ago, choosing between the two was tricky as some binary-only, non-free libraries and software were not always available for 64-bit processors, and architecture mismatches happened. While there were workarounds (such as running a 32-bit-only software using special libraries), it was basically a matter of time until popular software such as Flash caught up with 64-bit versions—thus, the concern was mainly about laptops and desktops.
Nowadays, if your CPU (and/or your hypervisor) has 64-bit capabilities (most Intel do), it's considered a good practice to use the amd64 architecture. We will use amd64 in this book. And since Debian 7.0, the multiarch feature has been included, allowing more than one architecture to be installed and be active on the same hardware.
While the market seems to settle around 64-bit Intel processors, the choice of an architecture is still important because it determines the future availability of software that you can choose from Debian. There might be some software that is not compiled for or not compatible with your specific architecture, but there is software that is independent of the architecture.
DevOps are usually pragmatic when it comes to choosing architectures, so the following two questions aim to help you understand what to expect when it comes to it:
- Will you run your web applications on your own hardware? If so, do you already have this hardware or will you procure it?
- If you need to procure hardware, take a look at the existing server hardware in your datacenter. Factors such as a preferred vendor, hardware standardization, and so on are all important when choosing the right architecture. From the most popular 32- or 64-bit Intel and AMD processors, the growing ARM ecosystem, and also the more venerable but declining SPARC or Itanium, Debian is available for lots of architectures.
- If you are out in the market for new hardware, your options are most likely based on an Intel- or AMD-compatible, 32- or 64-bit, server-grade processor. Your decisions will be influenced by factors such as the I/O capacity (throughput and speed), memory, disk, and so on, and the architecture will most likely be covered by Debian.
- Will you run your web applications on third-party hardware, such as a Virtual Private Server (VPS) provider or a cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) provider?
- Most providers will provide you with prebuilt images for Debian. They are either 32- or 64-bit, x86 images that have some sort of community support—but, be aware they might have no vendor support, or in some cases waive warranties and/or other factors such as the SLA.
- You should be able to prepare your own Debian installation using virtualization software (such as KVM, VirtualBox, or Hyper-V) and then upload the virtual disk (VHD, VDI, and so on) to your provider.
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