- Getting Started with Magento Extension Development
- Branko Ajzele
- 999字
- 2021-08-04 10:10:23
The root directory structure
Once you download the full release and set up your work environment, you should see a root Magento folder structure with the following files and folders in it:
- Folders
: app,downloader,errors,includes,js,lib,media,pkginfo,shell,skin, andvar - Files
: .htaccess,cron.sh,.htaccess.sample,LICENSE.html,mage,LICENSE.txt,favicon.ico,LICENSE_AFL.txt,get.php php.ini.sample,RELEASE_NOTES.txt,api.php,index.php,index.php.sample,cron.php, andinstall.php
Throughout this book we will be referencing our URL examples as if they are executing on the magento.loc domain. You are free to set your local Apache virtual host and host file to any domain you prefer, as long as you keep this in mind. If you're hearing about virtual host terminology for the first time, please refer to the Apache Virtual Host documentation at http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/vhosts/.
Here is a quick summary of each of those files and folders:
.htaccess: This file is a directory-level configuration file supported by several web servers, most notably the Apache web server. It controlsmod_rewritefor fancy URLs and sets configuration server variables (such as memory limit) and PHP maximum execution time..htaccess.sample: This is basically a.htaccesstemplate file used for creating new stores within subfolders.api.php: This is primarily used for the Magento REST API, but can be used for SOAP and XML-RPC API server functionality as well.app: This is where you will find Magento core code files for the backend and for the frontend. This folder is basically the heart of the Magento platform. Later on, we will dive into this folder for more details, given that this is the folder that you as an extension developer will spend most of your time on.cron.php: This file, when triggered via URL or via console PHP, will trigger certain Magento cron jobs logic.cron.sh: This file is a Unix shell script version ofcron.php.downloader: This folder is used by the Magento Connect Manager, which is the functionality you access from the Magento administration area by navigating to System | Magento Connect | Magento Connect Manager.errors: This folder is a host for a slightly separate Magento functionality, the one that jumps in with error handling when your Magento store gets an exception during code execution.favicon.ico: This is your standard 16 x 16 px website icon.get.php: This file hosts a feature that allows core media files to be stored and served from the database. With the Database File Storage system in place, Magento would redirect requests for media files toget.php.includes: This folder is used by theMage_Compilerextension whose functionality can be accessed via Magento administration System | Tools | Compilation. The idea behind the Magento compiler feature is that you end up with a PHP system that pulls all of its classes from one folder, thus, giving it a massive performance boost.index.php: This is a main entry point to your application, the main loader file for Magento, and the file that initializes everything. Every request for every Magento page goes through this file.index.php.sample: This file is just a backup copy of theindex.phpfile.js: This folder holds the core Magento JavaScript libraries, such as Prototype, scriptaculous.js, ExtJS, and a few others, some of which are from Magento itself.lib: This folder holds the core Magento PHP libraries, such as 3DSecure, Google Checkout, phpseclib, Zend, and a few others, some of which are from Magento itself.LICENSE*: These are the Magento licence files in various formats (LICENSE_AFL.txt,LICENSE.html, andLICENSE.txt).mage: This is a Magento Connect command-line tool. It allows you to add/remove channels, install and uninstall packages (extensions), and various other package-related tasks.media: This folder contains all the media files, mostly just images from various products, categories, and CMS pages.php.ini.sample: This file is a samplephp.inifile for PHP CGI/FastCGI installations. Sample files are not actually used by the Magento application.pkginfo: This folder contains text files that largely operate as debug files to inform us about changes when extensions are upgraded in any way.RELEASE_NOTES.txt: This file contains the release notes and changes for various Magento versions, starting from version 1.4.0.0 and later.shell: This folder contains several PHP-based shell tools, such as compiler, indexer, and logger.skin: This folder contains various CSS and JavaScript files specific for individual Magento themes. Files in this folder and its subfolder go hand in hand with files inapp/designfolder, as these two locations actually result in one fully featured Magento theme or package.var: This folder contains sessions, logs, reports, configuration cache, lock files for application processes, and possible various other files distributed among individual subfolders. During development, you can freely select all the subfolders and delete them, as Magento will recreate all of them on the next page request. From a standpoint of a Magento extension developer, you might find yourself looking into thevar/logandvar/reportfolders every now and then.
Now that we have covered the basic root folder structure, it's time to dig deeper into the most used folder of all, the app folder, as shown in the following diagram:
app/
├── Mage.php
├── code
│ ├── community
│ │ └── Phoenix
│ │ └── Moneybookers
│ └── core
│ ├── Mage
│ └── Zend
├── design
│ ├── adminhtml
│ ├── frontend
│ │ ├── base
│ │ │ └── default
│ │ │ ├── etc
│ │ │ ├── layout
│ │ │ └── template
│ │ └── default
│ │ ├── blank
│ │ ├── default
│ │ ├── iphone
│ │ └── modern
│ └── install
├── etc
│ ├── config.xml
│ ├── local.xml.additional
│ ├── local.xml.template
│ └── modules
└── local
└── en_US