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書名： LaTeX Cookbook
作者名： Stefan Kottwitz
本章字數： 410字
更新時間： 2021-07-09 21:25:01

Visualizing boxes of letters and symbols

LaTeX puts text and symbols in boxes and arranges them. There are boxes of whole paragraphs, but also of single letters and symbols. In this recipe, we will closely examine the dimensions of those boxes. We will also take a look at the spacing in between and the resulting dimensions of dynamically adjusted space. This will give us a better understanding of the typesetting.

How to do it...

We will additionally load the package lua-visual-debug. Then, we will compile the document with LuaLaTeX, as follows:

Open your document or any sample file. Again, we will use the document from our first recipe in Chapter 1, The Variety of Document Types.
Add the following line at the end of your preamble:
```
\usepackage{lua-visual-debug}
```
Switch to LuaLaTeX in your editor for typesetting and compile the document. Take a look at these cutouts of the output. The text has some annotations, as follows:

Formulae consist of many small boxes:

Examining the boxes may give you ideas about possibly tweaking formulas. In Chapter 10, Advanced Mathematics, you can read about fine-tuning math formulas. If you don't need the box visualization lines any more, you can disable the package by commenting out or deleting the line \usepackage{lua-visual-debug}.

How it works...

We simply loaded the lua-visual-debug package, which requires LuaLaTeX because of its dependency on LuaTeX. It did all the work for us, and now we just need to understand the output:

LaTeX's boxes are drawn with thin borders. A zero-width box would be a red rule.
A filled rectangle means a kern. This is a fixed vertical or horizontal space. A positive kern is colored yellow. A negative kern is colored red.
Tick lines stand for glue. This means vertical or horizontal space. In contrast to kern, it can be stretched or shrunken. The lines start and end with a tick. So you can recognize places where glues are touching.
The blue rectangle below the base line marks a point where hyphenation is allowed.
A square means a penalty. This is an internal value, which TeX tries to minimize in its line-breaking algorithm. A blank square means a maximum penalty; otherwise, it's filled gray.

This visualization is intended to help you with debugging the document's typesetting.

Even if you are using pdfLaTeX, it's often possible to compile by LuaLaTeX for this purpose. Otherwise, you could debug with a simplified copy of the document part you need to debug with LuaLaTeX.

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LaTeX Cookbook

Visualizing boxes of letters and symbols

How to do it...

How it works...