Conventions

In this book, you will find a number of styles of text that distinguish between different kinds of information. Here are some examples of these styles, and an explanation of their meaning.

Code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles are shown as follows: "We can include other contexts through the use of the include directive."

A block of code is set as follows:

>>> import numpy as np
>>> np.random.randn()

When we wish to draw your attention to a particular part of a code block, the relevant lines or items are set in bold:

>>> import pandas as pd

Any command-line input or output is written as follows:

$ cat "data analysis" | wc -l

New terms and important words are shown in bold. Words that you see on the screen, in menus or dialog boxes for example, appear in the text like this: "clicking the Next button moves you to the next screen".