Conventions

In this book, you will find a number of text styles that distinguish between different kinds of information. Here are some examples of these styles and an explanation of their meaning.

Code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles are shown as follows: "We will begin applying PCA to the handwritten digits dataset with the following code."

A block of code is set as follows:

import numpy as np
from sklearn.datasets import load_digits
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn.decomposition import PCA
from sklearn.preprocessing import scale
from sklearn.lda import LDA
import matplotlib.cm as cm

digits = load_digits()
data = digits.data

n_samples, n_features = data.shape
n_digits = len(np.unique(digits.target))
labels = digits.target

Any command-line input or output is written as follows:

[ 0.39276606 0.49571292 0.43933243 0.53573558 0.42459285 
 0.55686854 0.4573401 0.49876358 0.50281585 0.4689295 ]

0.4772857426

Note

Warnings or important notes appear in a box like this.

Tip

Tips and tricks appear like this.