Understanding the IoT

To get started with the IoT, lets first try to understand it using the easiest constructs. Internet and Things; we have two simple words here that help us understand the entire concept. So what is the Internet? It is basically a network of computing devices. Similarly, what is a Thing? It could be any real-life entity featuring Internet connectivity. So now, what do we decipher from IoT? It is a network of connected Things that can transmit and receive data from other things once connected to the network. This is how we describe the Internet of Things in a nutshell.

Now, let's take a glance at the definition. IoT can be defined as the ever-growing network of Things (entities) that feature Internet connectivity and the communication that occurs between them and other Internet-enabled devices and systems. The Things in IoT are enabled with sensors that capture vital information from the device during its operations, and the device features Internet connectivity that helps it transfer and communicate to other devices and the network. Today, when we discuss about IoT, there are so many other similar terms that come into the picture, such as Industrial Internet, M2M, IoE, and a few more, and we find it difficult to understand the differences between them. Before we begin delineating the differences between these hazy terms and understand how IoT evolved in the industry, lets first take a simple real-life scenario to understand how exactly IoT looks like.

IoT in a real-life scenario

Let's take a simple example to understand how IoT works. Consider a scenario where you are a father in a family with a working mother and 10-year old son studying in school. You and your wife work in different offices. Your house is equipped with quite a few smart devices, say, a smart microwave, smart refrigerator, and smart TV. You are currently in office and you get notified on your smartphone that your son, Josh, has reached home from school. (He used his personal smart key to open the door.) You then use your smartphone to turn on the microwave at home to heat the sandwiches kept in it. Your son gets notified on the smart home controller that you have hot sandwiches ready for him. He quickly finishes them and starts preparing for a math test at school and you resume your work. After a while, you get notified again that your wife has also reached home (She also uses a similar smart key.) and you suddenly realize that you need to reach home to help your son with his math test. You again use your smartphone and change the air conditioner settings for three people and set the refrigerator to defrost using the app. In another 15 minutes, you are home and the air conditioning temperature is well set for three people. You then grab a can of juice from the refrigerator and discuss some math problems with your son on the couch. Intuitive, isn't it?

How did it his happen and how did you access and control everything right from your phone? Well, this is how IoT works! Devices can talk to each other and also take actions based on the signals received:

The IoT scenario

Lets take a closer look at the same scenario. You are sitting in office and you could access the air conditioner, microwave, refrigerator, and home controller through your smartphone. Yes, the devices feature Internet connectivity and once connected to the network, they can send and receive data from other devices and take actions based on signals. A simple protocol helps these devices understand and send data and signals to a plethora of heterogeneous devices connected to the network. We will get into the details of the protocol and how these devices talk to each other soon. However, before that, we will get into some details of how this technology started and why we have so many different names today for IoT.