GIS in R

GIS is a combination of software and data that informs us about the location of something and its relation to others. In GIS, every dataset is associated with a coordinate system, which is a system for representing the locations of different geographic features and different measurements. There are two main types of coordinate systems: geographic coordinate systems (GCS) and projected coordination systems. One example of GCS is using latitude-longitude, and one example of a projected coordination system is the transverse Mercator system. Whereas GCS uses a three-dimensional spherical surface, the projected coordination system uses two dimensions for representing spatial data. Data is used in GCS to define the position of the spheroid in relation to the center of the earth; a very commonly used GCS is WGS 84.