Translation

For translation, the affine transformation matrix is the identity matrix, and the translation vector, b, has a nonzero value:

For instance, for a translation of five pixel positions along the vertical direction and three pixel positions along the horizontal direction, we can use b= [5 3]T, with M as the identity matrix. 

The following is an image translation of a retina by 24 pixel locations, along both the width and height of the image: