Conventions used

There are a number of text conventions used throughout this book.

CodeInText: Indicates code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles. Here is an example: "We can create a list using list() or by concatenating other lists."

A block of code is set as follows:

n<-10
n
## [1] 10

Any command-line input or output is written as follows:

install.packages("ggplot2")

Bold: Indicates a new term, an important word, or words that you see onscreen. For example, words in menus or dialog boxes appear in the text like this. Here is an example: "Look for Download and Install R and select your operating system. We are installing for Windows, so select the Windows link."