Artificial intelligence

Ever since the beginning of the computer era, humans have been trying to mimic the brain into the machine. Researchers have been developing methods that would make machines not only compute but also decide like we humans do. This quest of ours gave birth to artificial intelligence around the 1960s. By definition, artificial intelligence means developing systems that are capable of accomplishing tasks without a human explicitly programming every decision. In 1956, the first program for playing checkers was written by Arthur Samuel. Since then, researchers tried to mimic human intelligence by defining sets of handwritten rules that didn't involve any learning. Artificial intelligence programs, which played games such as chess, were nothing but sets of manually defined moves and strategies. In 1959, Arthur Samuel coined the term machine learning. Machine learning started using various concepts of probability and bayesian statistics to perform pattern recognition, feature extraction, classification, and so on. In the 1980s, inspired by the neural structure of the human brain, artificial neural networks (ANN) were introduced. ANN in the 2000s evolved into today's so-called deep learning! The following is a timeline for the evolution of artificial intelligence through machine learning and deep learning: