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Interface or abstract classes

There is always a debate over using either an interface or an abstract class. The following are a few rules to follow when deciding which way to go:

  • Is-A versus Can-Do: Any type can inherit from one parent class only and multiple interfaces. If for the derived class B you can't say B Is-an A (A is the base type), contradictory. Interfaces imply a Can-Do relationship. If the Can-Do functionality is applicable to different object types, go with an interface implementation. For example, for both FileOutputStream and ByteOutputpuStream (and any of the other sibling implementations available), you can say they have an Is-A relationship with java.io.OutputStream. Hence, you will see that OutputStream is an abstract class providing common implementations to all objects that represent a writable stream. However, Autocloseable , which represents an object holding a resource that can be released when the close method is invoked, provides a Can-do functionality and thus it makes sense to have it as an interface.
  • Promote code reuse: I am sure you will agree it is easier to inherit a class rather than an interface, where you have to provide an implementation for all the methods defined. A parent class can provide a lot of common functionality; thus, the derived class has only to  redefine or implement a small subset of the methods defined.
  • Versioning: If you work with an interface and you add a new member to it, you force all the derived classes to change their code by adding the new implementation. The source code has to be changed and recompiled. The same is not applicable to an abstract class. You can add your new method and make use of it, and the user source code doesn't even need to be recompiled.
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