The async library

If you take a look for a moment at every control flow pattern we have analyzed so far, you will see that they can be used as a base to build reusable and more generic solutions. For example, we could wrap the unlimited parallel execution algorithm into a function that accepts a list of tasks, runs them in parallel, and invokes the given callback when all of them are complete. This way of wrapping control flow algorithms into reusable functions can lead to a more declarative and expressive way of defining asynchronous control flows, and that's exactly what async (nodejsdp.link/async) does.

The async library (not to be confused with the async/await keywords, which we will discuss later in this book) is a very popular solution, in Node.js and JavaScript in general, for dealing with asynchronous code. It offers a set of functions that greatly simplify the execution of tasks in different configurations, and it also provides useful helpers for dealing with collections asynchronously. Even though there are several other libraries with a similar goal, async is the de facto standard in Node.js due to its historic popularity, especially when using callbacks to define asynchronous tasks.

Just to give you an idea of some of the most important capabilities of the async module, here is a sample of the functionalities it exposes:

• Execute asynchronous functions over a collection of elements (in series or in parallel with limited concurrency).
• Execute a chain of asynchronous functions (waterfall) where the output of every function becomes the input of the next one.
• Offers a queue abstraction functionally equivalent to the one we implemented with our TaskQueue utility.
• Provides other interesting asynchronous patterns such as race (executes multiple asynchronous functions in parallel and stops when the first one completes).

Check out the async documentation (nodejsdp.link/async) to find out more about the module and to see some examples.

Once you've understood the fundamentals of the asynchronous patterns described in this chapter, you shouldn't rely on the simplified implementations presented here for your everyday control flow needs. Instead, it's better to adopt a broadly used and battle-tested library like async for your production applications, unless your use case is so advanced that you require a custom algorithm.